The United States and Ukraine signed a partnership agreement on April 30 focused on Ukraine’s rare earth minerals and other natural resources.

As China continues to tighten its grip on critical minerals—especially following the imposition of U.S. tariffs—control of rare earths becomes increasingly important. These minerals are essential for producing modern technologies, including electric vehicles, wind turbines, smartphones, and advanced weapons systems.

Why does the U.S.–Ukraine rare earth deal matter? Where is this heading? Experts break it down.