In this episode, we trace how small movements, bold revivals, and ordinary believers shaped the explosive growth of Protestant Christianity from Europe to America—and created the denominational family tree we’re part of today.
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In today’s final episode of our Church History series, we trace how Protestantism crossed the Atlantic, sparked massive revival movements, and gave rise to the denominational landscape we see today. From the Moravians and the First Great Awakening to Pentecostalism and the modern church, this episode connects the dots and shows how the global church family took shape.
Where we left off last time.
• Descendants of John Hus (the Hussites / Unity of the Brethren)
• Refugees who fled to Count Zinzendorf’s estate in Saxony (3–600 people total)
Why they mattered:
• Experienced a powerful renewal on Aug 13, 1727
• Launched a 24/7 prayer chain that lasted 100 years
• Sent more missionaries than all Protestants combined by 1760
• Known for radical sacrifice—including missionaries willing to sell themselves into slavery
• Mission field spread across the West Indies, Africa, Asia, and North America
The John Wesley connection:
• Wesley encountered Moravians during a terrifying storm at sea in 1736
• Their fearless faith pushed him toward his own conversion
• This eventually shaped the Methodist movement—the largest U.S. denomination by the 1850s
A transatlantic revival that birthed the modern evangelical identity—people committed not only to studying Scripture but sharing the gospel.
John Wesley – The Organizer
• Anglican priest, Oxford “Holy Club” leader
• Had his conversion at Aldersgate (“heart strangely warmed”)
• Formed Methodist societies and class meetings
• Emphasized holiness, discipline, and new birth
• By his death: 72k British & 57k American Methodists
George Whitefield – The Preacher
• Electrifying communicator; could preach to 20k–30k without amplification
• Crossed the Atlantic seven times, preaching across all 13 colonies
• Popularized the phrase “born again”
• First international Christian “celebrity”
• Outdoor, mass evangelism pioneer
Jonathan Edwards – The Thinker
• Pastor, theologian, philosophical genius
• Sparked revival in Northampton (1734–35)
• Wrote Religious Affections, the defining book of revival theology
• Fired for restricting communion to true believers
• Later became president of what is now Princeton
• Legacy includes U.S. Senators, college presidents, and even Vice President Aaron Burr
The First Great Awakening shaped the convictions behind independence:
• Human equality before God
• Freedom of conscience
• Resistance to tyranny
• Authority from God, not kings
Many revival-shaped pastors—known as the Black Robe Regiment—preached these themes and influenced the Revolutionary generation.
As post-Revolution America drifted spiritually, God brought a fresh wave of revival.
• Frontier Kentucky: violent, isolated, spiritually empty
• Revival broke out at a simple communion meeting
• 20–25k people attended—10% of Kentucky’s population
• Pastors from multiple denominations preached together
• Marked a shift from elite clergy to lay involvement and frontier evangelism
Key leaders: Barton W. Stone and Alexander Campbell
• Sought to recover New Testament Christianity
• Produced Churches of Christ, Christian Churches, and Disciples of Christ
• Influenced future independent & non-denominational churches
Rooted in Wesley’s teaching on sanctification.
Emphasized:
• Heart purity
• Holy living
• Spirit-empowered transformation
This movement produced:
• Salvation Army (1865)
• Church of the Nazarene (1908)
• The Wesleyan Church
• Free Methodist Church
Most importantly: it laid the groundwork for Pentecostalism.
Charles Parham (Topeka, 1901):
• Interpreted speaking in tongues as evidence of Spirit baptism
• Laid the foundation for classical Pentecostal doctrine
Azusa Street Revival (1906) – William J. Seymour
• Multiracial worship
• Tongues, healing, prophecy
• Thousands came from around the world
• Sparked global Pentecostal missions
Today:
• Over 600 million Pentecostals worldwide
• Includes Assemblies of God, COGIC, Foursquare, Pentecostal Holiness, Vineyard, Calvary Chapel, and more
Here are the four major roots from which almost all denominations grow.
• Waldensians, Wycliffe, Huss
• Direct descendants: Mennonites, Amish, Moravians
• Influenced later groups: Baptists, Restoration Movement, modern non-denominational churches
• German & Scandinavian Lutherans
• Pietism
• Later movements: Evangelical Free Church, charismatic Lutherans
• Calvin, Zwingli
• Reformed churches & Presbyterians
• Later movements: Reformed Baptists, modern Reformed resurgence
The most influential root.
Direct and indirect descendants include:
• Episcopalians
• Puritans
• Congregationalists
• Baptists
• Methodists
• Pentecostal & charismatic churches
• Many modern denominations
• Much of evangelicalism today
Jesus promised:
“I will build my church, and all the powers of hell will not conquer it.”
Across 2,000 years—revivals, failures, institutions, reforms—Jesus has been faithful to build His people.
This series wasn’t just about studying history.
It was about rediscovering what a biblical church looks like:
• Rooted in the gospel
• Led by the Spirit
• Faithful to God’s Word
• Devoted to making disciples
Pick up your Bible. Plug into a local church. Stay awake spiritually. And keep building the kind of church Jesus envisioned.