A) The most profound issue with these scriptural passages is that these individuals are described as blemishes or hidden reefs in your love feasts. This means they are present in the church, and we are not even aware. They shepherd only themselves. They are unstable, like clouds without water, carried about by the wind. They are fruitless trees that grow and produce nothing, and they are twice dead, both emotionally and spiritually.

B) These individuals are likened to wild waves of the sea, continuously pounding their iniquity, foaming up shame upon shame. They are compared to wandering stars, for whom God has reserved eternal darkness. Anyone who doesn’t believe that hell is a place of everlasting fire and darkness does not fully understand the situation.