Neural oscillations or brainwaves are rhythmic or repetitive neural

activity occurring in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can

generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms

within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In

individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations

in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials

which produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons.

   At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large

numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations which

can be observed in an electroencephalogram. Oscillatory activity in

groups of neurons generally arise from feedback connections between

neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The

interaction between neurons can also give rise to oscillations at a

different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A

well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha

activity.

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