Shownotes
An introduction into astrology and its importance. We start off during the Hellenistic period of Ancient Greece.
Reference:
- Hellenistic Astrology: The Study of Fate and Fortune - Book by author Chris Brennan
Transcripts
Hellenistic Astrology refers to the practice of astrology during the
Speaker:Hellenistic period of Ancient Greece.
Speaker:Astrology is a divination practice of deriving meaning from the
Speaker:planets and cosmos, but Hellenistic Astrology has the concepts of
Speaker:fate and fortune woven into it.
Speaker:In this episode, we'll explore how this is similar yet different
Speaker:from contemporary astrology and why it matters on a larger scale.
Speaker:Let's begin.
Speaker:Thank you for tuning in to an episode of Merwin's Philosophy, where I explore
Speaker:the connection between spirituality and psychology and how that coincides
Speaker:with social issues we face today.
Speaker:Now here's the show.
Speaker:So in an old blog post, I wrote about wanting to change directions
Speaker:and rebrand from a fiction writer.
Speaker:I do have two books out.
Speaker:One is a chap book.
Speaker:So a small book of poetry and another one is an actual novel.
Speaker:But I was wanting to do something a little bit more closer to real life, not so
Speaker:close to fiction, because I read way more nonfiction books than I do read fiction.
Speaker:And it wasn't until I read a book on Western Esotericism.
Speaker:That it made a lot more sense.
Speaker:It seemed a lot more interesting.
Speaker:So that's where we're going with this, in this podcast, and probably
Speaker:from here forward, but we'll see.
Speaker:But basically, Western Esotericism is a field of study that examines
Speaker:philosophies and practices, often of a spiritual nature, that have
Speaker:been rejected from common knowledge.
Speaker:And yet they have influenced religion and philosophies today.
Speaker:And these groups of philosophical and sometimes religious, but often
Speaker:spiritual practices have been viewed in a negative light and pushed out
Speaker:of academic and religious studies, despite their historical importance.
Speaker:And some of these esoteric practices are still being done today.
Speaker:Now in the list of examples, you don't know exactly what I'm talking about.
Speaker:astrology, alchemy, magic.
Speaker:People have heard at least of astrology and alchemy and have felt one way or
Speaker:another on both sides of the extreme.
Speaker:It's nonsense and delusion versus it's divine knowledge.
Speaker:But what's interesting is that from these more esoteric beliefs,
Speaker:we have what's more acceptable and part of common knowledge now.
Speaker:So for example, from astrology came astronomy, because they were one
Speaker:and the same back in ancient times.
Speaker:From alchemy developed chemistry and from magic developed what
Speaker:we call the natural sciences.
Speaker:Now, even in the realm of Christianity, you have the Kabbalah and Gnosticism,
Speaker:which are more esoteric beliefs within that religion of Christianity.
Speaker:And so due to the prejudice passed down from the church and academic
Speaker:institutions, unfortunately, the general public labels these as delusions and
Speaker:superstitions without Any thought to their cultural and historical relevance
Speaker:and because the church labels this as blasphemy because a lot of it is from
Speaker:pagan beliefs not so much from the gnosticism in kabbalah because it was
Speaker:again very associated with Christianity or the Abrahamic religions of some sort,
Speaker:but the astrology, mostly astrology, was viewed as more of a pagan belief.
Speaker:And there's others too, that I want to get to in a later episode.
Speaker:I just finished reading a book called Western Esotericism A Guide for the
Speaker:Perplexed by Wouster Honengraaff, I know I mispronounced his name, but I just
Speaker:finished my second read through of the book to understand the very complex and
Speaker:complicated knowledge that is within it.
Speaker:I will definitely do a separate episode about that because
Speaker:it is worth its own episode.
Speaker:Western esotericism is a modern label put on a very wide spectrum of esoteric
Speaker:practices, philosophies, and beliefs.
Speaker:So we'll look into that at a later period.
Speaker:But this episode is more so about Hellenistic astrology or
Speaker:astrology during ancient Greece.
Speaker:And as usual, I'm going to break this down into three parts.
Speaker:Number one is the overview of Hellenistic astrology.
Speaker:Part two is the culture and philosophy behind the practice.
Speaker:because that is very important when we're talking about esoteric
Speaker:beliefs, such as astrology.
Speaker:And part three, why does any of this matter?
Speaker:Most of the knowledge that I'll be talking about is from a book called Hellenistic
Speaker:Astrology, The Study of Faith and Fortune, written by astrologer Chris Brennan.
Speaker:And this is the first book that I've read that uses information from
Speaker:archaeological findings to explain the techniques and the rationale behind
Speaker:these techniques, and also credits the various astrologers of the time.
Speaker:It gives.
Speaker:this subject a more academic approach, which is something I've been looking for
Speaker:because sometimes, or a lot of times, honestly, articles on websites are
Speaker:the most common and immediate source of information, but they don't have
Speaker:that rigorous fact checking that a more academically inclined book will have,
Speaker:and those sites can spread misinformation and have too much of an enchanting and
Speaker:fantastical view about it instead of a more balanced view that is rooted in
Speaker:history and not so much personal belief.
Speaker:So let's talk about Hellenistic Greece for a minute.
Speaker:The Hellenistic period of Greece started when Alexander the Great
Speaker:died in 323 BC, all the way until the Roman Empire took over in 30
Speaker:BC after the death of Cleopatra.
Speaker:Before then, Alexander the Great was the king of the Greek Empire.
Speaker:He's called The Great because he went on a campaign to basically take over as much
Speaker:of the Asian and Mediterranean world as he could and he did he took over a lot.
Speaker:But after he died in 323 BC began the War of the Diadochi which basically
Speaker:translates to the War of his Successors.
Speaker:So a lot of his generals fought over the land that he conquered which
Speaker:stretched from present day Greece all the way up to the Balkans , all the
Speaker:way around the Mediterranean, all the way from present day Greece
Speaker:down to India, so the Middle East.
Speaker:The Western part of Asia, all the way down to India all the way
Speaker:around North Africa, where Egypt is.
Speaker:There are three main kingdoms that took over.
Speaker:When it comes to Hellenistic astrology, the one that Brennan mentions the most in
Speaker:his book is called the Ptolemaic dynasty.
Speaker:And basically this is the area around Egypt in North Africa.
Speaker:After the War of the Diadochi, there was a lot of Greek influence
Speaker:into these other areas that Alexander the Great had conquered.
Speaker:And there was a lot of mixing of Greek and the culture that was already there.
Speaker:For example, one major figure that comes to mind is Hermes Trismegistus,
Speaker:and this was a combination of the Greek god Hermes and the Egyptian god Thoth.
Speaker:There's a lot of astrological writings attributed to him within Hellenistic
Speaker:astrology, as well as other religions and philosophies such as Hermeticism, which
Speaker:is a philosophical and religious movement that is attributed to this Hermes figure.
Speaker:But that as an example of how the Greek and other cultures were mixed together.
Speaker:Now, what we learn in school , at least what I learned in school, was
Speaker:classical period of Greece, which makes sense because the classical
Speaker:period of Greece is a time when there was much flourishing of the culture.
Speaker:There was a lot of developments in art and literature in science and philosophy.
Speaker:A lot of the main Greek philosophers that I've heard of actually
Speaker:come from the classical period.
Speaker:This would be Plato, Socrates, Aristotle, as well as Pythagoras, who created
Speaker:the Pythagorean theorem that we still use and are taught in school today.
Speaker:But this Hellenistic period is after that classical almost golden period of Greece
Speaker:And so Hellenistic astrology or astrology in general actually
Speaker:derives from the ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultures.
Speaker:The Greeks just developed the techniques and significations of the planets a
Speaker:little further . They expanded the significations of the planets as well as
Speaker:the houses, which are the sections of the sky that is along the elliptical, which
Speaker:is the path that the sun takes across the sky, and the planets through the
Speaker:constellations or the Zodiac, which I'll explain a little bit more in part two.
Speaker:But astrology was a big factor of the culture, or at least that's
Speaker:what I gathered from Brennan's book.
Speaker:And it continued on through the Roman Empire until it fell and
Speaker:then Christianity took over.
Speaker:So if you've looked at Roman history, you will realize that the Romans actually
Speaker:adopted a lot of the Greek culture.
Speaker:As a matter of fact, when I was doing a little bit of research on this Hellenistic
Speaker:period, there's this, I can't say it verbatim, but there's this idea or
Speaker:this saying that even though Rome took over Greece, Greece heavily influenced
Speaker:Rome and their culture, almost as if Greece still took over Roman ideas.
Speaker:Because again, Romans adopted the pantheon of Greek gods and
Speaker:just gave them Roman names.
Speaker:I've always found it fascinating how Greek deities have a Greek and a Roman name.
Speaker:. Part of the culture that they took over was the idea of astrology
Speaker:being so pervasive in the culture.
Speaker:However, Christianity took over, denounced it as pagan and blasphemous,
Speaker:and denounced it from Western Europe.
Speaker:However, it continued in the East because at that period the Greek
Speaker:empire, was broken into two.
Speaker:So you had , where Greece is now and the other areas of the Mediterranean
Speaker:Sea, but then where Turkey is on through the Persian area, that's called
Speaker:the Byzantine Empire at the time.
Speaker:And when you study a little bit about Greece, that's
Speaker:called the Byzantine period.
Speaker:And so that's where more of the Greek culture continued on while the Western
Speaker:area of what used to be the Greek empire, continued on to a more Christian thought.
Speaker:And I'll do another episode on the continued history of astrology
Speaker:because it's actually fascinating.
Speaker:It goes on into the Medieval period to the Renaissance and continues
Speaker:on until we have the modern and contemporary version of astrology today.
Speaker:But there are several components that will definitely be part of
Speaker:later episodes, it's beyond the scope of what I want to talk about today.
Speaker:But the major components are the planets in the sky that the
Speaker:ancients could see at the time.
Speaker:And they included the moon and the sun because to them it was a big planet.
Speaker:Those were big planets, but you have Mercury, Mars, Venus, Saturn, and Jupiter.
Speaker:In contemporary astrology, there's other planets, Neptune, Pluto, however, they're
Speaker:too far away for the naked eye to see.
Speaker:So those are not included in traditional or Hellenistic astrology.
Speaker:Then you have the 12 zodiac signs.
Speaker:Now these are the constellations, the main constellations in the sky.
Speaker:And we'll talk more about that in later episodes, but they
Speaker:are very important as well.
Speaker:Then you have what's called the 12 houses or the Greek
Speaker:translation of what means places.
Speaker:Again, those are those 12 sections of the sky that the planets
Speaker:and the sun travel across.
Speaker:Then you have what's called the configurations, which are the
Speaker:relationships between planets in the sky.
Speaker:And they're measured in degrees, which we'll talk about in just a minute.
Speaker:All of these, the configurations, the planets, the houses, the zodiac signs,
Speaker:all of these are configured onto a chart.
Speaker:And most of the times you see them on natal charts, which is a chart of all
Speaker:the planets and their configurations to each other on a chart drawn up at
Speaker:the day and time of someone's birth.
Speaker:But the main point of all of this is that the ancients believed that
Speaker:the planet somehow influenced our mind and actions, as well as signify
Speaker:future directions of our life and the challenges that we'll face.
Speaker:It was part of more of a philosophical debate that I'll get into in part two.
Speaker:But astrology in itself is just an example of divination and fortune
Speaker:telling practices that have existed since ancient times till today.
Speaker:They're not mainstream or not really known about in a deep historical
Speaker:sense, due again to the Christian rejection of anything pagan, but
Speaker:there is a resurgence of it due to the internet and social media.
Speaker:I've heard people mock about astrology or make jokes about certain astrological
Speaker:aspects such as Mercury in retrograde.
Speaker:That's just proof that it hasn't disappeared, obviously, but
Speaker:there's not a lot of thought given to the historical elements of
Speaker:astrology, which are very important.
Speaker:And it brings us to part two, where I talk a little bit about the culture
Speaker:and philosophy behind astrology.
Speaker:Now, when I was doing my own independent research before I found
Speaker:Brennan's book, one name that kept coming up was Claudius Ptolemy.
Speaker:Now, he was a Hellenistic astrologer as well, but he did a lot more research
Speaker:within the idea of natural science.
Speaker:And modern times, we believe that he is the most influential
Speaker:and representative of the time.
Speaker:Like he was the most representative of Hellenistic astrology.
Speaker:However, that's not true.
Speaker:He did write four books called the Tetrabiblos, which lists out important
Speaker:techniques and relevant philosophies.
Speaker:And he also made a connection between the constellations and the seasons.
Speaker:For example, when the sun enters the constellation, or the zodiac of
Speaker:Libra, that's the beginning of fall.
Speaker:When the sun ingresses into Cancer, that coincides with the start of summer.
Speaker:He made that connection at first.
Speaker:And the reason he did this is because he tried to make astrology into a natural
Speaker:science, even though other astrologers at the time disagreed with him.
Speaker:He did make a lot of impact into astronomy.
Speaker:He created something called astronomical tables, which is still
Speaker:used in the field of astronomy today.
Speaker:And this is because he focused so much on the natural world and
Speaker:cosmos and trying to bridge those into the idea of natural science.
Speaker:And lastly, why he's believed to be the most influential is because his work
Speaker:has been the most transmitted over time.
Speaker:And so us in modern day will tend to overhype him in a way that overshadows
Speaker:the other astrologers of the time, such as Vettius Valens, which when I was reading
Speaker:Brennan's book, there was many techniques that are attributed to Valens and led
Speaker:to a lot of development within astrology or at least Hellenistic astrology.
Speaker:A lot of Hellenistic astrology has been lost as most of what
Speaker:contemporary astrology seems to be taken from Medieval tradition, but
Speaker:we'll get to that in a later episode.
Speaker:I still need to do research on that one myself.
Speaker:And that brings us to the main philosophical debates, which
Speaker:this is part of Brennan's title.
Speaker:It's called The Study of Fate and Fortune.
Speaker:And so fate and fortune were the two aspects of astrology that was
Speaker:caused for philosophical debate.
Speaker:Now, the Mesopotamians, and I think to some degree, the Egyptians
Speaker:believed that the planets were signs from the gods of something to come.
Speaker:So they were almost as omens.
Speaker:However, when we get to the Hellenistic period and the Greeks, there was
Speaker:debates between whether the planets were just signs in the sky of moments
Speaker:to come of the future events, or if there was a causality to them.
Speaker:Did they cause us to behave a certain way, or do they cause us to have to
Speaker:go through certain events in our life?
Speaker:Do they cause certain things to happen in history?
Speaker:Astrologers debated and fell into a spectrum of, "yeah, it totally causes
Speaker:us to have to go through certain periods in our life, and the planets do cause
Speaker:certain events" and then others fell into the camp of, " no, they're just omens".
Speaker:And then with the concept of fate, are we completely beholden
Speaker:to what our natal chart shows?
Speaker:Whatever fate that is present in that chart?
Speaker:Or is it just partially true and we have free will to change it.
Speaker:And so there was another spectrum of , are we completely beholden to
Speaker:fate or is it just partially fate and we have the way to change it.
Speaker:Alongside this development of Hellenistic astrology was the development of the
Speaker:philosophy called Stoicism, which is the belief that in order to be a virtuous
Speaker:person, and I'm heavily paraphrasing this, in order to be a virtuous person,
Speaker:you had to just accept the way life is.
Speaker:There was no reason arguing against fate.
Speaker:We have little control over what happens in life.
Speaker:That was that idea and you just had to accept that.
Speaker:It reminds me of the modern day, and I've said this before in other episodes,
Speaker:but this kind of reminds me of the modern day idea of serenity, which is
Speaker:the idea of seeking a balance in life.
Speaker:Even in Christianity, there's something called the Serenity Prayer, which is
Speaker:the idea of, or really I could just recite it, Which goes, God grant me the
Speaker:serenity to accept the things I cannot change, but the courage to change the
Speaker:things that I do have control over.
Speaker:I'm paraphrasing.
Speaker:And that idea of serenity that I just said falls back to the idea of Stoicism.
Speaker:As When I looked up the Serenity Prayer and who created it, there
Speaker:was an idea of it being connected to this ancient Greek idea of Stoicism.
Speaker:Now, with the concept of fortune, there's this idea of good and bad fortune.
Speaker:If you look on a chart done during Hellenistic times, or even a modern
Speaker:chart using a Hellenistic idea, there are places within the chart,
Speaker:that are called good fortune, good spirit, . And then on the opposite
Speaker:side, bad fortune and bad spirit, right?
Speaker:So there's this idea of fate within the chart.
Speaker:And what separates Hellenistic astrology, in my mind, in my understanding,
Speaker:from contemporary astrology is this idea of external circumstances
Speaker:versus psychological influences.
Speaker:In modern astrology, I learned that when you look at a person's chart, it shows all
Speaker:of their kind of psychological influences.
Speaker:The sun represents our path in life and the major part of our personality.
Speaker:The moon represents our emotions, Mercury represents our thoughts,
Speaker:Venus represents our desires, right?
Speaker:And so on and so forth.
Speaker:However, when I was learning about Hellenistic astrology, our
Speaker:personality and physical body was depicted as the Ascendant.
Speaker:It's the horizon.
Speaker:But everywhere else on the chart represents external circumstances
Speaker:that we may face in our life.
Speaker:It's not so much our psychology and parts of our personality, but it's
Speaker:more so what we will encounter in life.
Speaker:Or at least that was from my understanding.
Speaker:And I found that very interesting.
Speaker:There's a lot of negative and misinformed judgments on social media
Speaker:based on very immature and quick judgments and misinformation, honestly.
Speaker:For instance, if your sun sign is Scorpio, then that means you're
Speaker:a very manipulative person.
Speaker:Or if it's in Cancer, you're a very overly emotional person.
Speaker:These very extreme ideas and the idea that the sun is almost the one point on a chart
Speaker:that represents your whole personality.
Speaker:If someone ever asked you, "what's your sun sign", and they thought they had a
Speaker:good reading on you based on your sun sign, that's a very immature way of
Speaker:trying to judge somebody because then you get people saying, " Oh, I can't
Speaker:date Scorpios" or "I can't date Geminis".
Speaker:That's very weird.
Speaker:And I've even heard not horror stories, but complaints about people who
Speaker:have had their chart read by these very, I'm going to just continue the
Speaker:word immature, who have had their charts read by these people, and
Speaker:felt extremely judged and confused.
Speaker:Or you'll have people saying, I don't really feel like my Sun sign, right?
Speaker:And it's because your Sun is just one of the many planets within astrology
Speaker:that tells a much bigger story.
Speaker:You have to look at the whole chart
Speaker:. Now, because astrology is so connected to astronomy, or at least it was, it involves
Speaker:a lot of mathematical equations that are relayed in degrees and geometric shapes.
Speaker:So for Instance,, an astrological chart is expressed in a
Speaker:circle, and it's 360 degrees.
Speaker:When planets are 120 degrees apart, that relationship is called a trine,
Speaker:which corresponds to the 120 degrees of external angles of a triangle.
Speaker:If the planets are 90 degrees apart that is called a square,
Speaker:which a square has 90 degrees.
Speaker:Also the elliptical, which is the path that the sun takes across the sky, has
Speaker:different names and degrees as well.
Speaker:So the ascendant is the horizon.
Speaker:The midheaven is called the highest points in the sky that the sun
Speaker:travels across, which for us would be in the middle of the afternoon.
Speaker:The setting place is where the sun sets in the eastern sky
Speaker:before it dips below the horizon.
Speaker:And what is opposite from the midheaven, the highest point of the sky where the sun
Speaker:is, that's called the subterranean, which would be the lowest point out of view.
Speaker:Now all of these calculations and degrees and relationships on the chart
Speaker:has esoteric explanations behind them.
Speaker:This is for me where it turns from just astronomy to astrology,
Speaker:to a more esoteric spirituality philosophical understanding, right?
Speaker:There are plenty astrologers who will connect these themes that will
Speaker:be reflected in a chart, either in a person's life, or if there are
Speaker:planets that are making specific configurations to each other, there's
Speaker:a theme that will be derived from it that will match certain events that
Speaker:do end up happening in life, almost again like divination, fortune telling,
Speaker:but a lot of times they come true.
Speaker:Because of these coincidences, many people , lie in three camps, or at
Speaker:least a spectrum of these three camps.
Speaker:Some believe that astrology is an example of divine knowledge.
Speaker:Some believe that it's just pure coincidence, and some believe
Speaker:that it's absolute nonsense.
Speaker:But either way, I do believe that it's an important and a reflection
Speaker:of a culture, which brings us to part three of why any of this matters.
Speaker:Astrology and really esotericism in itself, is part of history that has
Speaker:been left out due to the Christian agenda and the academic elitism.
Speaker:Because so much of esotericism is based on philosophical reasoning and
Speaker:coincidences that are hard to prove scientifically and replicate, this
Speaker:leaving out of history makes sense.
Speaker:But there's this prejudice against it.
Speaker:For example, when someone says they're not religious or they're spiritual but not
Speaker:religious, some people will have a more nuanced take on Christianity, and they
Speaker:won't be so prejudiced against Christians.
Speaker:Even though, throughout history, Christians have been very
Speaker:prejudiced against non Christians, and this is an example of that.
Speaker:Christians were very prejudiced against Pagans, basically.
Speaker:And as we've gone on into the Enlightenment movement and further
Speaker:on, a lot of the academic elites and the thinkers, again, also look
Speaker:down on pagan beliefs as well.
Speaker:And because of this philosophical aspect of it that's, again, very hard
Speaker:to prove scientifically, I personally put it in the camp of spirituality,
Speaker:even though it has contributed to modern science, like I said.
Speaker:Now with all that said, and I believe Brennan said this in his
Speaker:book, how books can give you a more nuanced and historical information.
Speaker:A book that is written from a more historical and rigorous standpoint
Speaker:than online, which can be more personal and can give you more
Speaker:personal interpretations that could very well be very vague and negative.
Speaker:But the reason it matters is because this is a part of history and a part of culture
Speaker:that will challenge the beliefs that people have come to think are true today.
Speaker:And I find that very fascinating.
Speaker:And that brings us to the conclusion.
Speaker:Again, astrology is part of history.
Speaker:It's not just spiritual nonsense, and we'll learn way more about it
Speaker:when I explain more about these components in later episodes.
Speaker:But the truth of the matter is that both royalty and regular citizens
Speaker:consulted astrologers for major decisions in ancient times and even today.
Speaker:I believe that Nancy Reagan consulted an astrologer for
Speaker:major events and for advice.
Speaker:There's a lot of celebrities that have consulted astrologers and even just
Speaker:regular people have consulted astrologers for major moves and things in their life.
Speaker:Which is another reason why I connected to the realm of spirituality.
Speaker:And some astrologers, even in ancient periods, taught classes, and wrote
Speaker:books that have survived today.
Speaker:Again, I've said about Claudius Ptolemy, writing his four books called Tetrabiblos.
Speaker:Vettius Valens transmitted a lot of information, wrote down a lot
Speaker:of information, which thankfully, some have survived to date.
Speaker:As a matter of fact, Brennan has a whole chapter listing out over 10
Speaker:different astrologers of that period whose works have survived with example
Speaker:charts, their own philosophies, people that I have never heard of.
Speaker:And so that brings me to my last statement that I want to say.
Speaker:When we allow ourselves to stop being curious and ignore information
Speaker:out of fear or arrogance, that's when we stop learning and our
Speaker:understanding of life becomes stagnant.
Speaker:Now some people are okay with this.
Speaker:Grandma or their preacher or their parents taught them this
Speaker:and they're not deviating from it.
Speaker:Those are the authority figures in their life.
Speaker:That's what they're going to believe 100%.
Speaker:They don't want to change.
Speaker:Other people are curious, but they're letting fear stop them.
Speaker:They don't want to learn about this information that is blasphemy, or
Speaker:that is scary to them, or delusional, or devil worship, or whatever.
Speaker:They're scared of that.
Speaker:And other people may have the similar thought that I have,
Speaker:which is knowledge is power.
Speaker:There's a sense of expansion of your life when you learn a lot more.
Speaker:Now you don't have to blindly accept everything, every new
Speaker:information that you're taught.
Speaker:But it does give you a more holistic view of life and it expands your
Speaker:perspective when you learn more about something that you had no idea.
Speaker:Especially when it's related to history, or learning more about a certain
Speaker:culture that is different from your own.
Speaker:You step out of that ignorance that you once had, and you're able
Speaker:to learn more and actually form a more nuanced opinion about life.
Speaker:I'll talk more about Hellenistic Astrology in later episodes.
Speaker:But for right now, this is just an introduction into it.
Speaker:Trying to explain the philosophy a little bit more, which will
Speaker:become much more clear once we get into the different components.
Speaker:That's gonna be it for now.
Speaker:Thank you for listening to this episode.
Speaker:If you're watching on YouTube, be sure to leave me a comment and subscribe for more.
Speaker:For those of you listening through a podcast app, make sure you
Speaker:subscribe and leave me a review.
Speaker:Click the link in the show notes or head on over to merwin mccrady.com
Speaker:to leave me a comment there.
Speaker:Thank you so much, and I'll see you in the next one.
