This episode is a little bit of a Frankenstein...in the best way possible. Between Halloween chaos and a behind-the-scenes project you’ll hear hints about, we’re revisiting one of our most-loved conversations on student engagement strategies. We’re breaking down how to balance structure with novelty (aka spark) through the seven “seasons” of the school year, with practical tips for keeping students engaged, energized, and thriving, no matter what time of year it is!

Prefer to read? Grab the episode transcript and resources in the show notes here: https://www.secondstorywindow.net/podcast/student-engagement-strategies/

Resources:

• Editable Classroom Seating Chart Tool
• Christmas Festive Breaks
• Holiday Classroom Behavior Management Plans
• December Teacher Survival Kit
• Procedure and Routine Editable Teaching Slides
• Procedure and Routine Editable Review Slides
• Join the Teacher Approved Club!
• Connect with us on Instagram @2ndstorywindow.
• Shop our teacher-approved resources.
• Join our Facebook group, Teacher Approved
• Leave a review on Apple Podcasts.
• Leave a comment or rating on Spotify.

Related Episodes to Enjoy:

• Episode 35, 5 Ways to Increase Student Engagement – Our Secret Weapon for Teachers
• Episode 91, Start Your Day Strong: Top Tips for Maximizing Your Morning Work
• Episode 104, From Chaos to Calm: 5 Techniques for Managing Classroom Behavior in December
• Episode 124, Spring Fever: 3 Tips to Help Your Spring Classroom Management
• Episode 156, Starting the School Year with Surprise and Delight: 5 Easy Ideas
• Episode 158, Back-to-School Classroom Management: Are You Working Smarter or Harder?

This is episode 230 of Teacher Approved.

You're listening to Teacher Approved, the podcast helping

educators elevate what matters and simplify the rest. I'm

And I'm Emily. We're the creators behind Second Story

Heidi.

We're so glad you're tuning in today. Let's get to the show.

Window, where we give research based and teacher approved

strategies that make teaching less stressful and more

effective. You can check out the show notes and resources from

each episode at secondstorywindow.net.

Hey there. Thanks for joining us today. In today's episode, we

are revisiting our discussion about how to channel classroom

energy all year long, and sharing a new teacher approved

tip for cheering students on.

Let's start with a try it tomorrow, where we share a quick

win that you can try in your classroom right away. Emily,

what is our suggestion for this week?

Tomorrow, take a minute and ask your students, What's

one thing that's been working really well in our class lately?

You can turn it into a journal prompt, a class discussion, or

even have students write it on sticky notes that you can

display on the board.

This is a great way to help students appreciate the

things that are going right, and the more that we focus on the

good things around us, the more that we start to notice it. Plus

this gives you helpful feedback too.

Yeah, and you could even turn this into a regular part of

your routine and set aside a few minutes every week for a what's

working for us Wednesday, or how are things Thursday.

Yeah, you'll be surprised at what your kids notice and

really how insightful they can be.

If you like this idea or anything else we share here on

the podcast, would you take a second and give us a five star

rating and review in your podcast listening app?

All right, everyone, announcement time. Emily and I

have some exciting news.

Yes, drum roll, please. Wherever you're listening, give

us a drum roll. We are writing a book! And you may have heard us

sneak that announcement in mid episode last week, but now is

the formal announcement. We're writing a book cue, the air

horn. We're so excited.

And because we have to send this off to the publisher

this week, we did not have time to prepare a whole new episode.

So this episode is a little bit of a Frankenstein.

Well, that's appropriate, because it's Halloween this

week.

Oh that works out, yeah.

We added a new try it tomorrow segment at the

beginning that you just heard. And we've got a new teacher

approved tip that we're going to share after we replay. And we've

got fresh extra credits coming in hot, so make sure to stick

around till the end.

But you know, the middle section is a replay from an

episode that we aired last year.

And even if you listened to it before, you probably don't

remember it. So go ahead and re listen to it either way. And we

felt it was only right to replay this episode this week because

it was the starting point for our book.

Yeah, this, this was not anything we had planned on. But

after Emily and I finished recording the episode last fall,

I said, You know what? I think this feels like a book. So that

afternoon, I wrote up an outline based on our episode, and then

we just put it aside because we had so many other things going

on, and we had no plans to write a book.

And it's a good thing you did write that outline, because

about a month after we did that episode, an editor reached out

and asked if we had any thoughts for a book. And you know what,

we just so happened to have this one idea, and she said it

sounded great, and asked us to write up a book proposal, which

was a lot easier to do because the outline was already written.

It was so lucky. And then a few weeks after that, we

signed a contract. It all happened very quickly, and now

here we are, down to the very last minute trying to get it all

done. We are we are so close. But guys, it turns out that

writing a whole book is a lot of work.

I know! Who knew? I thought it was going to be so

easy. So while we go finish up our word count, we hope you

enjoy this replay of episode 165 about student engagement in

every season of the school year.

But here is a little behind the scenes sneak peek. In

this episode, we talk about maintaining the balance of

structure and novelty in the classroom. You know, that is one

of our favorite topics, but we have changed that a little bit

in the book.

I feel like that idea has come along the whole time on our

podcast, like every time we revisit it, grows a little,

changes a little. Well, we changed it a little in the book,

because instead of novelty, we are calling it spark, and that

is actually the title of the book, Structure and Spark.

I don't know if we're supposed to announce that yet,

so act surprised when we do a big reveal later on.

This book will be out next summer, and we will let you

know all about it once we have more details and it's ready to

pre order, but until then, enjoy this little preview of what's to

come, and stay with us at the end for the new teacher approved

tip and extra credit.

Now we've shared this idea before, but just hold with us

again as we explain about how student engagement is like an

old timey balance scale. One bucket is structure and the

other bucket is novelty. In the middle, where it's more or less

balanced, our students are engaged. If the scale tips too

far to the structure side, kids are bored. If the scale tips too

much to the novelty side, kids are overwhelmed.

Good teaching means you respond to what's happening in

your classroom in the moment. To keep kids engaged in that

learning zone, you are constantly tweaking the levels

of structure and novelty to maintain that balance between

boredom and overwhelm.

It's that old buzzword from college, monitor and

adjust, and it really is constant work. The arrival of a

new student, a student teacher in music class, a last minute

change of the lunch schedule, or a fire drill, all seem like

minor disturbances, but they can quickly overflow that novelty

bucket and dip your class into overwhelm if you're not paying

attention.

On the other hand, having the same seating arrangement for

too long, using the same fast finisher after every lesson, and

expecting too much seat work, are structures that can create

boredom if you're not careful.

Maintaining student engagement really comes down to

a minute by minute dance of monitoring and adjusting, like

we said. But even though we have to adapt on the fly if our plans

aren't working, that doesn't mean we can't anticipate some of

the ups and downs of student engagement.

Right. Like you can't predict that on October 29 a bee

will get into your class and disrupt the rest of the morning.

That happened to me.

Me too. Or a spider on the wall.

Yep, that happened too.

But you can guess that on October 29 your students are

likely to be more restless than usual because they're excited

for Halloween. And so you can make your plans accordingly.

Because kids are kids, no matter where you teach, the

seasons of the school year, and the pros and cons of each one

will apply to most classrooms.

And we're not talking about the seasons of fall,

winter and spring. We are talking about the seven seasons

of the school year. Did you know there were seven? Bet you did.

Of course I did.

If you're on a non traditional schedule or, you

know, if you teach outside the US, these might not perfectly

align with your classroom, but I think for most classrooms, we

can kind of fudge these to make them fit most school settings.

We start with back to school season, of course, that moves to

the season of settling in, the holiday ramp up, back to work

season, testing season, spring fever, and making it to the end.

Yeah, that's a perfect distillation of a year of

school. Unlike natural seasons, the seasons of the school year

can have wildly varying lengths. The holiday ramp up might be

three weeks and the back to work season that starts in January

can last two or more months.

Or it might be much shorter than that if you have to

dive into heavy duty test prep right away in January. The

specific seasons of your school calendar will vary, but there

are a few things that are constant. First, each season

brings its own hoorays and headaches, and each season needs

its own approach to engagement in academics and behavior

management. A lot of the ups and downs of the school year are

predictable, and that means if you're aware of them, you can

plan in advance for how to address them. So let's take a

deeper look at each of our school seasons, starting with

our favorite back to school season.

Oh, it really is our favorite, because there are so

many big hoorays that come with starting the new school year,

the fresh start, meeting your new class and getting to try new

things is so much fun, but the headaches that come with back to

school season are real and they're intense. It is so much

work to start the year. You are at your most tired at the time

when you need your most energy. So it can take a toll.

For students, novelty is the highest it will be all year

during back to school. Everything is new. So as the

teachers, we need to lean really hard into creating structure. We

are teaching dozens of procedures, building routines

and creating a class culture.

When it comes to academics, the main goal is to

figure out where everybody is. That means lots of assessments.

We also need to make up for the summer slide and review last

year's content to refresh their little memories.

We have three goals that come with behavior management,

prevent, plan and predict. We're going to prevent problems all

year long by laying a strong foundation during the back to

school season. We use strategic seating. We teach and reinforce

our attention signals and transition expectations. Our

plan for addressing problems can often be handled by teaching

procedures and expectations. These guidelines will help

students know exactly what to do, and we predict problems by

establishing clear and consistent consequences. We want

students to know early on that when they don't meet our

expectations, they are invited to try again correctly.

Ideally, we are preparing in advance for each of our

school seasons. But since this episode is going out in the

middle of October, we're not going to dive into all of the

back to school resources we have available to help you with that

season. You've got a few months before you need to worry about

that again, so we'll just put a little pin in that.

But keep listening, because, you know, we'll swing

back around to it in a few months. However, if you are

listening to this in the spring or summer. Scroll back through

our podcast episodes for a very robust catalog of back to school

tips. We've definitely got you covered when it's time for back

to school prep.

So we've made it through the first few weeks of school.

We're now in the golden season of settling in. Hooray!

Classroom community is taking shape. Everyone is getting a

sense of this is our class, and this is who we are. These early

days have their own kind of magic.

And they also have their own kind of headaches. Once

students start to feel comfortable, they start pushing

boundaries. This is where the prevention that we established

in back to school season becomes important. Predict that this

will happen and have a plan in place for reinforcing your

expectations when the boundaries are pushed. At this point, you

might need to do your first desk switch. Check out our

interactive seating chart tool to learn our system for

strategically assigning seats to minimize problems.

As kids settle in, structure and novelty become

more balanced. Your students are used to the day's routine, so

boredom can start to creep in. Try introducing some surprise

and delight to keep things fresh. You can hear all about

surprise and delight in episodes 35 and 156.

Depending on what holidays are celebrated in your

community, the holiday ramp up season may start early in the

school year or wait until right before winter break. Halloween

may be the entry point, or maybe Halloween is just a blip, and

things don't really kick off until the end of November.

Regardless of the official starting point, we want

to make sure we're ready when that day arrives. I love

seasonal fun, so for me, holiday ramp up season came with a lot

of hoorays. We did themed math games and fun writing

activities. But of course, all that novelty brings its own

headaches.

Right, when novelty is increasing, we need to balance

that by leaning into structure. Make sure you're being

consistent with your procedures and expectations. As the holiday

ramp up season goes on, you might need to actually increase

the structure in your classroom. In that case, you might consider

adding a reward system.

Now we are not big fans of doing a year round reward

system, because they just don't work. Kids get tired of them,

and they become a big hassle for teachers to manage.

Also for a lot of the year, during most of these

seasons, kids can manage their behavior just fine without

external rewards. So why make your job harder?

Exactly. However, when novelty reaches a point that

kids can't control themselves, they need us to provide support.

So we talk in depth about short term reward systems in episodes

104 and just recently, in episode 158. Check those out if

you want our deep thoughts and best tips for using a short term

reward system.

We have some resources to help with both novelty and

structure during holiday ramp up season. Check out our festive

breaks for some holiday fun that won't cost you your sanity. And

check out our holiday behavior helps for support with setting

up a short term reward system. And there are links to both of

those in the show notes.

And make sure to check out our December teacher

survival kit if you want some extra resources for managing

your students' behavior during holiday ramp up season.

That kit also has some suggestions for managing

academics in the holiday season. You want to do your best to stay

on track with your pacing guides, but you will reach a day

in December when it is pointless to introduce new content. Either

you don't want to teach important material right before

a long break, or your kids are just going to be too hyper to

learn, or maybe, you know, a mixture of both. So schedule

your stop teaching new content date and then make a plan for

how to fill the remaining days of school with meaningful, low

prep activities.

And when you come back to school in January, you're ready

to kick off back to work season. This season combines the best of

back to school season and settling in season. You have the

magic of a new beginning round two, but you're not back at

square one. You're starting over with a fresh chance to get

things right, though.

It's important to use the first few days back to re

establish those important structures that make your

classroom run smoothly. Reteach and practice important

procedures, have class discussions about how things

were before and how they better improve going forward.

After the New Year sparkle has worn off, though,

the back to work season can drag. There's too many days of

inside recess. The kids are bored of the same routine day in

and day out. After so many big gains early in the year,

learning progress can start to stall.

When you hit the midwinter blahs, look for ways

to freshen things up. Introduce a new center choice, give

opportunities for more group work, integrate art into less

creative subjects, rearrange the seating more often, and of

course, look for some chances to sprinkle in some surprise and

delight.

If you haven't been doing it all year, you probably want

to schedule a dedicated time for spiral review each day. It may

feel a long way off, but testing season is right around the

corner from back to work season.

Spiral review is a form of retrieval practice. It's how

our brains turn information we've heard into information we

can remember. It's absolutely vital to learning and the best

way to prepare for testing. Our favorite way of incorporating

spiral review is through our morning work. But that doesn't

mean you only have to limit spiral review to the morning.

You can do spiral review any time of day.

Yep, there aren't many things that we'd say that pretty

much every single classroom needs to do, but spiral review

really is a must. If you want more information on spiral

review, retrieval practice, or morning work, check out episode

91.

Depending on your testing schedule, you may hit testing

season right after back to work season, or you may have spring

fever in the middle of it all.

Because testing windows vary so wildly from place to

place, the last three seasons of the year are hard to match up to

exact months. If you live in a state that does end of your

testing in January or February, your back to work season may

just be a few days of relaunching your class and then

a deep dive into test prep.

But if you have the other extreme, and you don't test

until May or June, you may have a long stretch of back to work

season and spring fever before testing season really kicks off.

Adjust our examples to fit your calendar, but for the

sake of simplicity, we're going to assume you test near the end

of April or early May. That means between back to work

season and testing season, you might have a long stretch of

spring fever.

Spring fever is tricky because it doesn't just affect

the students. It hits teachers so hard as well. Finally, winter

is over, or, you know, we've had a couple sunny days, and so now

we have the hope that winter will someday be over. That first

warm, sunny day feels like the lights have finally turned on.

It can be such a relief after so many dreary months.

But of course, there are some headaches that come with

spring fever. And I don't just mean allergies. Though those are

bad, and they do give me headaches.

So bad.

Spring fever headaches come in many forms. For example,

it feels like school should be wrapping up, but you might have

a full term or more left. The regular structure of the

classroom starts to feel confining. Things that used to

run smoothly in your class suddenly develop potholes.

To manage these headaches, one thing you can do

is to try offering more choices. The options don't have to be big

or complicated. You could try letting kids choose if they want

to do the work in pencil or crayon, right? Simple, you still

get the work you need done and the kids have a little bit of

freedom. Or you can try letting them decide if they want to

write in their journal first or do their science vocabulary

first.

Letting kids have a little more control is an easy

way to add some novelty without sacrificing too much structure.

Also, don't be afraid to revisit your procedures and expectations

more often during the spring fever season.

We definitely don't want to fall into the trap of

thinking that, because we are getting close to the end, it's

too late to fix behavior problems. You've still got time.

We've got some handy procedure rating slides to guide a class

discussion on what's going well and what needs to be better.

Or you could make procedure review just a part of

your daily schedule going forward. Pause before going to

specialty classes and have kids reflect on how they need to act,

or have a quick discussion before recess starts. Keeping

your expectations alive in your classroom will make spring fever

much more manageable. And if you need some more help navigating

the season of spring fever, check out episode 124 where we

go all into the details about the difficulties of spring fever

and how to survive them.

And once you make it through spring fever, now it's time to

move into testing season.

Just thinking ahead to testing season is a downer. It's

really not my favorite time of the year, so I had to dig really

deep to come up with any hoorays for this season, but I did find

a few. So because you know each other so well, by that time of

year, it's a good time to really focus on social emotional

learning.

And leaning more into SEL is a good way to plan for

addressing the behavior problems that crop up because your class

is so comfortable together. You know it's coming, so you may as

well be ready to address it.

That class familiarity also makes testing season a good

time for class projects. Maybe you use this time to plan a

performance or have your kids get involved in a service

project. Lean into the advantages of the class bonding

that is also making it trickier to get things done.

Because there's so much to review before testing, we

don't want to burn kids out with drill and kill. Add some novelty

to a time of high structure by using games to review instead of

relying on worksheets all the time.

When you get to your actual testing days, you will

likely need to adapt your daily schedule. Keep the time before

the test predictable and calm, help students feel grounded and

prepared, and then after the day's testing, make sure you've

planned activities that are lighter and more fun. Kids need

novelty after so many hours of intense structure.

Because your schedule is going to be out of whack for a

few days. you may need to increase your behavior

management system. You might need to plan some extra behavior

supports the same way you did before the holidays.

You might even need to start with this before testing

season starts. I found that usually by the end of February,

my classes were just kind of over it. So I needed a longer

term, short term plan. For me, a class economy worked well. I

would have my second graders earn plastic coins, because we

had to learn how to count money, and when they had $1 they could

buy something from the reward catalog. And that worked pretty

well for a couple months, right up until we got to making it to

the end season, and then all bets are off.

Yeah, as hectic as it is, making it to the end season can

be fun too. Once testing is out of the way, it feels like one

big hooray. I love to add more hands on math projects and

crafts and fun celebrations, but that season is also one giant

management nightmare.

Right. You are so exhausted by that point, and the

kids are checked out, and there are still so many hours between

you and summer break. Normally, when novelty is high like that,

we would recommend increasing the structure, but the structure

is part of the problem, because after eight months, the kids are

bored of just the same old, same old.

But you can't add much novelty because they're about an

inch away from tipping into complete overwhelm. So you need

to add structured novelty or novel structure.

Either way, you just need something new that doesn't

require a lot from the tired teacher. That's why we love

theme days during making it to the end season. The theme adds

some novelty to your regular classroom routines, but it also

increases the structure. That's going to cut back on a lot of

out of control behaviors.

But don't be afraid to launch a new reward system, if

that's what it takes to rein in the excitement. Adding a new

system is another way to increase novelty and structure

at the same time.

Plus you don't have to worry about kids becoming

dependent on these rewards, because you've got a built in

end date. You're almost a summer break baby.

Even though we've got five more seasons to get through

before we actually get to summer. The end of the school

year will be here before you know it. Making a strategic plan

for what's ahead is one way to prevent burnout. Plus, it's kind

of helpful just to have a vision of where we're headed this year.

Now for our teacher approved tip of the week, where we share an

actionable tip to help you elevate what matters and

simplify the rest. This week's teacher approved tip is to have

fun with your praise. Tell us about this, Heidi.

Well during a lesson, when a student gives you a

correct response, you probably say something like, Hey, that's

right, or Great thinking. But if you want to add in a little bit

of novelty, or, you know, Spark, try leveling up your praise with

an action. You're right, six times seven is 42, give yourself

a pat on the back for knowing that. And then extend that to

the rest of the class to help keep them engaged. And all of

you, give yourselves a pat on the back if you also knew the

answer.

And you're not limited to pats on the back. You can

sprinkle in a bit more fun by having students give themselves

a pat on the nose or a pat on the knee, or even give

themselves a high five.

I also like to add a little moment of connection.

You're right, everyone give yourself a pat on the back if

you also knew that Layla is the main character, and give

yourself a pat on the elbow because I like you.

And kids will love it if you lean into the silliness a

bit. Give yourself a high five if you knew the answer. And give

me an air high five because I did such a good job teaching

you. Or give yourself a thumbs up if you solve the problem the

same way Connor did, and give your neighbor a thumbs up

because we're glad they're here. It takes two seconds, but it

gives the whole class a huge mood boost.

And here's a little pro tip. I did this in an

observation once, and my vice principal was very impressed, so

you might want to keep this in your back pocket for the next

time your principal stops by.

Oh, good idea.

To wrap up the show, we are sharing what we're giving

extra credit to this week. Emily, what gets your extra

credit?

I'm giving extra credit to the TV show Blood of My

Blood. If you're not familiar, this is a prequel to the

Outlander series, which I also watched and enjoyed. Blood of my

blood is unique because it has two main couples. So it's the

parents of Jamie and the parents of Claire from Outlander. I got

so sucked into the show and binged the whole season in a

week. You might have to suspend some disbelief in a show like

this, in general.

Time travel.

Yes, especially in this one where it's a little like,

okay, so like, the exact same thing that happens to Claire

when she's grown up? Okay, sure. But you know what, I don't even

care, because I think I would go as far as to say that I might

even like this more than Outlander.

Oh, wow.

The only bummer is that I hope it doesn't follow the same

release schedule that Outlander has followed, which is sometimes

like two years in between seasons. So hopefully, hopefully

it's not going to be like that. But our podcast editor, Sara, Hi

Sara, we've been in deep discussion about the finale this

weekend on Voxer, so you're gonna have to watch it, Heidi.

Yeah, I started Outlander, but it was just a

little too gritty for me, so.

Yeah, and I didn't find this to be as gritty, although

I'm like, maybe I'm just more hardened now than when I watched

Outlander the first time. But I did not find it to be as like,

you know, like gruesome or, or nakey. There's some nakey, but

not as much nakey. I think. It's really hard to quantify the

amount of nakedness without, like, really taking a tally. I

did not do that, but it seemed like less nakedness.

Maybe I'll try. It looks stunning, and it's always so

beautiful. And who doesn't want to go to Scotland, so I'll have

to try it out.

What are you giving extra credit to, Heidi?

Okay, well, this is a very abrupt vibe shit. My extra

credit goes out to Haul out the Halloween on the Hallmark

Channel.

Hey, look, we can contain multitudes. We can like the

Hallmark Channel and Starz, okay.

So if you're not familiar, this is the third

movie in the Haul Out series. The first two are about

Christmas, and obviously this one is about Halloween. And like

all Hallmark movies and time travel movies, you have to

suspend your disbelief to be able to enjoy it. But I think

these are so funny. They're probably my favorite of the

Hallmark movie genre.

Oh, for sure, as long as you know that it's all tongue in

cheek, like, you know, they're leaning into being ridiculous,

then you can just enjoy it. And it's funny.

I think it helps that, like they're not taking

themselves too seriously. They know that this is just bananas,

and they're having fun with it.

Yeah.

But the premise is a subdivision that is absolutely

obsessed with the holidays to the point that celebrating them

is mandated. And in this movie, a couple of Halloween obsessed

neighbors move onto the street and they upset the norm. Of

course, it's just over the top silly, and the new neighbors are

played by Marnie and Cal from the Halloween Town movies, if

you know those. So that was a fun surprise. And then the

supporting cast is awesome, and there's so so many fun Easter

eggs. I was laughing out loud a ton. Lacey Chabert is the main

female lead, and she's from the Mean Girl movies. There's a

great Mean Girls joke just kind of slid right in. It's very fun.

She's also from Party of Five. I feel like I have to say

justice for Party of Five, because I love Party of Five.

And in the second Christmas movie, the new neighbor lady

that moves in is from Party of Five.

Oh, I didn't catch that. There's so many subtle things.

And if you're from Utah, you will extra love this because

it's set in Utah, and it's obviously written by someone

from Utah. So there are all kinds of little like Utah

specific details in this one. Funeral Potatoes get a mention.

Oh, and there's so many that like, if you're not from

Utah, if we were to tell you now, you will just think, who

cares? Why is that funny? But for the Utah people, it's just a

nice little wink. It's fun.

Yes, there's a moment with a bunch of limes. I don't

want to spoil it, because I'm, I know you haven't seen it, Emily,

but, like.

I recorded it.

Okay. I laughed so hard. You need maybe a hint of the

culture to get it. But I could be surprised. Maybe everyone

will love it.

I think it's a good movie, even if you're not from

Yeah, you just maybe will get, like, all of the little nods,

some of them are pretty subtle.

Yes, and you don't have to have seen the two Christmas

movies before watching this, trust me, the plot is

straightforward enough that you will catch on very quickly.

I think that's a nice thing about Hallmark. You just

jump in anywhere.

Doesn't matter. Last 10 minutes. You got the whole show.

Ah but we love it.

Yes.

That is it for today's episode. To help maintain student

engagement plan for the upcoming seasons of the school year, and

try adding a bit of spark to your praise.

We hope you enjoyed this episode of Teacher Approved. I'm Heidi.

And I'm Emily. Thank you for listening. Be sure to follow

or subscribe in your podcast app so that you never miss an

episode.

You can connect with us and other teachers in the

Teacher Approved Facebook group. We'll see you here next week.

Bye for now.

Bye.