Have you had or are you preparing for bariatric surgery or starting GLP1’s and wondering how to avoid nutritional deficiencies? Do you know what Wernicke’s encephalopathy is and how easy it is to prevent and treat it? Tune in to this episode of the BariNation podcast to uncover critical insights! 

We’re thrilled to welcome Dr. Emma Patterson, a renowned expert in bariatric surgery with 25 years of experience. Dr. Patterson shares her research on thiamine deficiency (aka vitamin B1), offering practical advice on preventive care and thiamine supplementation to help safeguard your health before and after metabolic and bariatric surgery (aka weight loss surgery.) Don’t miss her expert tips on vitamin supplementation to ensure a successful bariatric journey!

Don’t forget! BariNation is proud to be this year's National Sponsor of TREO Foundation's The Walk: Stomp the Stigma. Sign up to join BariNation’s virtual team for the September 27th, 2025, The Walk: Stomp the Stigma, which raises awareness and access to care. There are also 12 in person walks happening and more being organized. To find a walk near you, or set one up visit the TREO Foundation website linked below.

IN THIS EPISODE:

• (03:15) Dr. Emma Patterson shares her 25-year focus on bariatric surgery
• (10:45) Wernicke’s encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency
• (17:00) Surgeons should monitor nutrition to prevent thiamine deficiency and what are the classic symptoms 
• (28:21) Dr. Patterson notes the low risk of thiamine supplementation, encouraging bariatric patients to discuss it with their surgeons 
• (35:44) Wernicke’s encephalopathy typically peaks two to three months post-bariatric surgery, but can occur later if nutritional deficiencies persist
• (43:59) Dr. Patterson gives advice to bariatric patients starting GLP-1 medications 
• (48:30) Discussion of the importance of  vitamin B1’s role in, cell maintenance, and nerve function

KEY TAKEAWAYS:

• B1/Thiamine deficiency can lead to Wernicke’s encephalopathy, a severe neurological condition, particularly in bariatric patients post-surgery due to reduced nutrient intake.
• Preventive care through B1/Thiamine supplementation (100 mg daily) starting two weeks before bariatric surgery and continuing for three months post-op is critical to avoid complications.
• Patient education on bariatric nutrition, especially the importance of vitamin B1, empowers individuals to advocate for their health and prevent malnutrition risks.

RESOURCES:

• Join BariNation on the TREO Walk
• TREO Foundation - The Walk
• TREO Walk Discounted BariNation Membership  
• BariNation x TREO Landing Page
• TREO Fall In-Person Walks
• BariNation Website
• BariNation - Email
• BariNation - Partnership Monthly Membership   
• BariNation’s How to Find an Obesity Specialist Guide
• Dr. Patterson’s website 

GUEST BIOGRAPHY:

Dr. Emma Patterson, a board-certified bariatric surgeon, has over 25 years of experience, performing 6,000+ bariatric surgery procedures like Sleeve Gastrectomy and Gastric Bypass after her fellowship at Mount Sinai Hospital. As the Northwest’s first laparoscopic bariatric surgery specialist and Bariatric Medical Director at Wilshire Surgery Center (MBSAQIP Center of Excellence), she’s authored 50+ peer-reviewed papers, including in NEJM, and contributed to NIH’s LABS consortium. Renowned for her expertise in thiamine deficiency and Wernicke’s encephalopathy, she advocates for bariatric nutrition and serves as an expert witness in medical advocacy (Practical Gastro, YouTube).

ABOUT:

If the BariNation podcast helps power your bariatric journey, become a monthly podcast supporter and help us produce the show! Visit www.barinationpodcast.com and help us support people treating the disease of obesity with humor, humility, and honesty.

April Williams: You've just tuned into a podcast that welcomes you into a community, a resource center, and a safe place that powers your [00:00:15] journey towards personal wellness.

Natalie Tierney: Our goal is you leave us today feeling hopeful, inspired, and ready to live your best bariatric life.

Dr. Emma Patterson: Hi Emma. Hey, thanks for having me today.

So same. I do too. Right? We, we have a lot in common, and today's episode is about a, it's not [00:01:00] a disease. It's a, it's a medical thing that happens. Can happen. Very. A disease.

Dr. Emma Patterson: It's a

Yes. We're

Dr. Emma Patterson: not gonna get Wernicke encephalopathy.

So, learned about it at A-S-M-B-S on my flight home from DC I was sitting next to a woman, Melanie and I were. We struck up a conversation and this woman said, my [00:02:00] friend had bariatric surgery, but she is in big time trouble. Things are not going good for her. These are the symptoms that she's experiencing and I'm really concerned.

Yes, absolutely. So that's what our conversation's gonna be about today. We're also going to explore what other things we can do as patients and providers to [00:02:45] ensure that we're set up for success in the pre-op stage of our journey. And things to just be aware of in the first few months post-op if things were maybe not going in a direction that we wanted to.

Dr. Emma Patterson: Yeah, so [00:03:15] Emma Patterson and I'm in practice here in, uh, beautiful Portland, Oregon where I have been, uh, for 25 years and focused my practice on laparoscopic bariatric surgery and was actually the first in the Pacific Northwest to focus, uh, their [00:03:30] practice on that, uh, straight outta my fellowship, which was at, uh, Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York.

I went to New York to learn advanced laparoscopic surgery, you know, excuse me, where we make small incisions and we puff up the abdomen with carbon dioxide and kinda like video game surgery, [00:04:15] honestly, and really went to learn that. 'cause I could see in my residency training, and I did in Vancouver, bc, that it was definitely better for patients with.

You know that there's good data now, as you know, that we, uh, help people live longer by preventing serious things like heart [00:05:00] attacks and strokes and many kinds of cancers. So I really fell in love. From that medical aspect that it was really wide open for research. Um, technically the surgery was challenging, which was fun.

Between surgeons and our teams and our patients. It's, um, much more of a tight, close-knit thing than you see in other kinds of surgery, I think. So, [00:05:45] um, that's kind of professionally. Um. Uh, drove me to bariatric surgery. The funny accent. Um, I'm from England. My dad was Irish. I spent a lot of time there and I moved to Canada when I was 12.

April Williams: but I love it. Your family tree follows my family tree and I think that's why we have a lot of fun when, when we get together. Yeah. So I have a challenge for you guys, [00:06:15] uh, listening or watching this podcast.

It's overwhelming in the best possible way because you really have spent your life researching this disease [00:06:45] and finding the best pathways for care that possibly exists for patients. Not only do you do that in the operating room, you do it in your practice and you do it for, for people who are experiencing serious medical complications in your advocacy work that you [00:07:00] do.

And so I might, uh, be on the patient or plaintiff's side [00:07:30] helping them try to get some kind of restitution or, or I might, uh, be, um. Consulted by the surgeon who's defending themselves. And you know, the job is really to look at all the records and be objective and be honest and [00:07:45] say, no, this was fine, or No, this was negligence.

That is, is is more rare than war's. And which was, uh, super, super low, uh, thyroid. And so it's called a mixed edema coma. And like, we literally never see that, but I looked at the right [00:08:30] goods and I was like, no, no, this isn't that, but it's warneke. This is what it is, and it's an exigence, but it's not the thyroid thing, it's wares, encephalopathy.

So she formed this as SMBS Warnick Task Force, which are both on, she put me in charge of it and my co-chair is, uh, Nate Sana, excellent nurse [00:09:15] practitioner. And we have, uh, many, uh, excellent. Physicians, dieticians, psychologists, psychiatrists, um, on our task force. And we've all worked, uh, hard to really, uh, review all the literature.

Now we're just finishing up a education module that'll be available on the [00:10:00] website, uh, for, for credits and for people to, to help educate others and, and a few other, um, little, uh, projects that we're gonna do. But we're very, uh, we're, we're very proud of this paper, and that will help to start to change, uh, [00:10:15] practice.

Yeah. So Wees Encephalopathy is an acute neurologic, in fact, neuropsychiatric syndrome from, uh, a vitamin [00:10:45] deficiency. Uh, and the vitamin is thiamine, which is also known as vitamin B one. It was the first B vitamin, uh, discovered. I think in the, like in the early nineties, uh, 19 hundreds I should say. And [00:11:00] it's, if you don't get enough, it leads to, um, neurologic problems, uh, which then that's, uh, IES and encephalopathy, and it can be treated with high doses of thiamine.

They go from being high functioning people like you and I to having no energy, having trouble walking, [00:11:45] maybe bed bound, uh, not able to drive, not able to feed themselves, to pick up metal utensils, and, um, problems with their cognition particularly. Um. Short-term memory issues and executive [00:12:00] function issues such as decision making and calculations.

You know, probably [00:12:30] around 40% of people would be deficient in thi if. Uh, ba basic things like flour and cereals and infant formula weren't fortified, so wow, we're generally not getting enough from our diet, and you can get it in your diet [00:12:45] from, uh, things like, uh, pork beans, salmon, some grains, some vegetables.

So the study showing that up to 30% of patients are low in thine before surgery. And so that's what you'll, you'll see in our guidelines, one of the main differences from. Prior A-S-M-B-S guidelines that [00:13:30] focused on, you know, all of nutrition or the micronutrients or papers from like 2016 or 2020. One of our big pushes is prevention.

And that is generally not happening. So that's a big. Yeah. And then [00:14:15] continuing that dose of a hundred, uh, for at least three months after surgery or after the medications because it's so preventable if you just take it orally. Right? Yeah. The prior guidelines were very good, and it [00:14:30] said, um, take at least 12 milligrams of thm, which is typically what's in a bariatric vitamin over the counter vitamins typically just have one milligram, and because the.

I don't know. Right. Um, but definitely if you're just, if you're not eating much or you're at risk of vomiting, you just, you're just best to take more. And so thymine it, um, you know, it's an essential vitamin, meaning you have to, A body doesn't make it. You have to get it from [00:15:15] food or a vitamin. And the body doesn't store much, just 30 to 50 milligrams, right?

Yes. And so some [00:15:45] practices that this is actually mind boggling to me, and hopefully they're going to change. Sometimes I'm reading these, um, records from when I'm doing a li a, a case review for malpractice, uh, expert witness stuff. [00:16:00] Some practices aren't telling the patients to even start vitamins for two to three weeks 'cause they think it causes nausea.

It's the same with thymine. Thymine deficiency causes [00:16:45] nausea, and then you're not. Eating and drinking much. You're not tolerating your vitamins. So climate deficiency can cause vomiting by itself without you've got a perfect stomach. Oh, and so this is what I see happening in the cases I review [00:17:00] is sometimes I think some surgeons just get focused on just anatomy.

April Williams: We're

It's not like, I mean, there's other vitamins that can get deficient, but essentially. This is the only [00:17:30] one that's a life threatening emergency. So we really gotta, uh, be up to date on it and, uh, prevent it by just giving it, um, orally.

Yeah. But our body doesn't produce it, so we have to ingest it. Yeah. In the United States, we have a carb heavy diet, but we also have foods that have been for fortified or where B one [00:18:00] and thymine has been included in, in that food product. Yes. But the higher carb, uh, intake takes more of the thiamine. So even though we're ingesting it, those carbohydrates are asking our body to burn what we're taking in at a higher [00:18:15] rate.

Yes. And then we're left depleted just a as, as a society.

Dr. Emma Patterson: Yes,

Dr. Emma Patterson: Yes. And that's exactly [00:18:45] very good. Um, April, um, yeah. And you mentioned as you raised a key point of getting your level checked. That is still in a, we didn't, uh, recommend that in our new guidelines. That is in prior. His [00:19:00] MBS guidelines on micronutrients that know they list off a ton of, uh, blood tests to do thiamine is one.

So I think, um, probably the best thing would be, I mean, test a level and treat for two weeks, but to me it seems a bit redundant and that costs money. So I just treat everyone. Okay. Um, yeah, and you can, you know, the, um, you can get, [00:19:45] uh, doctors can prescribe thymine or you can get it from one of the vi the bariatric vitamin companies.

April Williams: A specific one, pardon me. A specific one so you can Well,

So there's 90 in here. Okay. So we just [00:20:15] give them a bottle and they're coming in for their, you know Yeah. Their kind of their scheduling visits. Yep. Uh, it's like, here we go. Start this. Yeah. Okay.

April Williams: So this is a part of your pre-op and post-op protocol.

Paradigm that's used for other diseases of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. So [00:20:45] primary prevention is when you, um, you know, try to prevent disease in people who are high risk or susceptible. So that means anyone who's about to knowingly, uh, try to lose a bunch of weight and not eat very much.

And so those symptoms of thiam and deficiency can be a bit vague. So you've just really gotta be on the lookout [00:21:30] after bariatric surgery. So it's nausea, vomiting, weakness, low energy. And so then if so, if you have a patient having any of those kind of symptoms, which really it's. Not normal to have any vomiting after [00:21:45] surgery.

Hey, if your patients are coming to the er, we're actually gonna make a new, uh, er poster to send out. [00:22:15] Um, because this isn't just, uh, bariatric patients, but anyone who's vomiting really should be getting a banana bag. This can prevent the wares. Okay. And so, um, the things that thiamine does in her body, which then will help make sense, what the symptoms are, are [00:22:30] three main things.

And myelin sheath is the white matter. It's like the, uh, condu, uh, [00:23:00] the stuff lining the nerves. So electricity, lec, uh. Jumps along the nerves quickly and your, your nerves are all firing fast, like mine are today from two coffees. And, um, so without that, everything gets slow and [00:23:15] sluggish in your nervous system.

They're not getting outta bed, they're not having [00:23:45] a conversation. You know, so it can be pretty subtle. Um, and then ataxia, which really means uncoordination, um, affecting, you know, from like the brainstem. White matter, but classically that's with regard to walking. [00:24:00] So an abnormal gait. A patient's legs feel like lead weights, they have trouble walking and they kind of walk like they're a bit intoxicated.

So now that's into tertiary prevention. So that's trying to limit the long-term consequences. Once they have the disease, I, if you treat it now, they can get totally back to normal and not go onto the warnick corset [00:24:45] coughs. So once you make the diagnosis, the patient has to be admitted to hospital and get high dose IV thim.

So people with alcoholism also aren't generally getting enough [00:25:15] nutrition. Hmm. So they're at high risk. So those really are the top two risk factors these days. Alcohol use disorder or metabolic and bariatric surgery. Wow. And there, yeah. And so there's some other conditions where people aren't getting enough to [00:25:30] eat or they're vomiting too much, such as in pregnancy.

And so to make the diagnosis, [00:26:00] getting back to that, you really only need one of that triad. So you need those. What's the diagnostic criteria now that have been, uh, validated and widely accepted are called the cane criteria. And you need two of four [00:26:15] things, but one of them being dietary deficiency. So all of our patients have dietary deficiency, certainly in the first two months after surgery.

Maybe they went away on holiday to recuperate. They got sick, they were vomiting. They come back to the er. They confused. Trouble will finding their words, can't walk very well. Family thinks they've had a stroke. [00:27:00] Hopefully someone makes a diagnosis of wees. You send off a blood level, which is somewhat academic, but you can't wait for the blood test because it takes five days to come back.

And that's what I mean by closest thing to a living miracle [00:27:30] that you'll ever see. And I've seen that a few times. It's amazingly impressive. Wow.

Yeah. Um, it's, it kind of baffles me when I think about [00:28:00] my pre-op education that I got. You were the first person that told me about this, and I was five years post-op at that point. Right? Yeah. Yeah. And from my layman's perspective, right, the, the symptoms of it could mirror other things that are going [00:28:15] on.

Yeah. But to delay treatment is extremely detrimental to, to a, a patient's life.

So there's really no risk. And so the best. Test, test, uh, [00:28:45] for Warnick is an actual trial of thym because you, you, you know, you've, you see they've got these neurologic signs. You admit them, the hospital, your colleagues are thinking, mm, it's a maybe warnick on site. No. You're like, this is Warnick. This is not possible.

Following them, they're getting better. They've scanned their head. The CT scans always normal. MRI will be abnormal. About 50% of the time. CTS normal, they don't have any other working diagnosis. It's clearly not a [00:29:30] stroke, which is CT would show I'm giving them hym. They're getting better. And yet the other doctor still does actually believe a, how do you think they went from not walking to walking in three days?

You have to actually examine them each day. Like, you know, you check for nystagmus is something they can get on exam and that means your eyes like flicker to the side so you have to follow your fingers. And there's a few tests we do for coordination, but the [00:30:15] eyes will flicker. That's a common sign. And then you have to actually walk with them each day and you'll notice through gait getting better each day.

And a key thing too is you have to replete, uh, several other things along with it, particularly magnesium. 'cause thym needs magnesium to work properly. And a lot of these, uh, biochemical pathways, so they'll often be low magnesium, so you have to also replete the magnesium. [00:31:00] And then often they're, they're having it 'cause they're somewhat malnourished and you have to prevent this refeeding syndrome, but also giving a phosphorus too.

Injections are fairly painful. So I've only had a few patients really keep up with Im, uh, injections, um, where they're [00:31:45] really trying to prevent a relapse. And you have to, to, yeah. Um, follow patients, uh, closely after they go home from hospital because they can, uh, relapse, relapse. Sudden they'll, they'll, they'll call and say, Hey, I'm having word finding again.

Um, but that's something you've, you've, uh, really got to, um. Watch out for, sorry. Getting a message from my kid [00:32:30] who's sorting out his apartment in London. That's a big day. He's got a couple questions, but we'll get to that after. Sorry.

April Williams: Life of a surgeon, a researcher, and a parent,

Dr. Emma Patterson: right?

Dr. Emma Patterson: It, it

April Williams: never

Dr. Emma Patterson: ends.

And then they would, uh, once they've had Warnick go back to kind of the hundred [00:33:15] milligrams a day, um, indefinitely. Yeah. But we like to, you know, to kind of try to get this message across too. Uh, the surgeons treating the patients or preventing it. It's kinda like there's a lot of emphasis in all kinds of surgery on [00:33:30] preventing blood clots, right?

And then if you're higher risk, you're gonna go home. So maybe you've already had a blood [00:34:00] clot or you're on, uh, estrogen or something, then you, maybe you're gonna go home on blood thinners for. Shots for a month. So that's kinda like the secondary prevention. And then, but when you get the disease, so now, oops, you we've tried all these things and you've still got the blood clot, then that's an [00:34:15] emergency.

April Williams: So that was my next question.

Like [00:35:00] should patients go into their pre-op appointments or even their post-op appointments and say, Hey, I listen to, I watch this cool podcast on Warnick. Learned a lot about it. Uh. Is this something that, that we can check for? Or what protocol do you recommend that I follow [00:35:15] based on the research that's been done?

So we want [00:35:45] everyone to be familiar with these and. I mean, uh, it's perfectly safe for patients just to go ahead and buy it and start taking it two weeks before surgery. I mean, I'd rather them do it on their own than, than wait for the approval for someone else. 'cause there's no risk to it, [00:36:00] honestly.

Gotcha.

April Williams: And is this something that we can experience post-op, like 1, 2, 3, 4 years post-op, or is this something specific to a timeline?

Maybe from, uh, some other complication, like a stricture [00:36:30] after a sleeve or ulcer after a bypass or something, or bowel obstruction. And they're starting, you know, so then they're getting symptoms of thym and deficiency by two to four weeks. And then [00:36:45] classically, they're gonna go if they're not replayed. Uh, then they're gonna go on and get wares at about two to three months after surgery is the peak time I find right around two to three months.

So they make the diagnosis and I think, uh, one doctor thinks the other doctor's ordered it, or they're ordering just the hundred milligrams, which is, that's that secondary prevention. That's before you've got [00:37:30] ornick. So it's not enough. And I've seen many cases where. Actually they do make the diagnosis, then they undertreat, they're given the hundred a day instead of 503 times a day, and they're.

Setting all these things can be permanent, are permanent if not treated. Yeah. Uh, quickly [00:38:15] and appropriately with the right dose. Yeah.

April Williams: Well, I mean, the woman we were sitting, um, on the airplane with, uh, she. She just really kind of said, I, I think my friend's getting better, but it's not good. And, and, you know, I'm really scared.

Yet another reason. Right? Why everybody, well, why, as patients we hear all the time, you gotta take your vitamins. You gotta take your vitamins, right? Yeah. And this is, this is part [00:39:00] of the reason why our vitamins are so important. Yeah. We could be deficient before surgery just because of our diet and we.

Dr. Emma Patterson: Yeah, yeah, exactly. Yeah. You've gotta keep up with it and, and, um, I mean, you can go on with Warism, you can go on to have, uh, seizures and, [00:39:30] um, die.

I mean, it can be, uh, fatal. Yeah. No, not, not something preventable with one little capsule a

Dr. Emma Patterson: So I'd say the over the counter vitamins, um, no. Okay. They're not enough [00:40:00] in, uh, bariatric surgery. The, generally the bariatric vitamins have at least, um, the 12 milligrams, kind of 12 to 30 milligrams. So those, um, in the previous guidelines, those were adequate. Now [00:40:15] with our guidelines, uh, not okay. Not for that initial phase, that two weeks before surgery or weight loss medications, two, three months after that, that most rapid weight loss phase.

I'm like, okay, which multivitamin, because if it's an over the [00:41:00] counter multivitamin, they're definitely not getting enough time. And then I'm like, okay, just. Take this, either just get it here today or I'm gonna prescribe it for you. And so you've gotta know which, uh, multivitamin they're taking. And you know, your question about can it happen [00:41:15] years later?

We gotta, let's loosen your band, give you some thumb in here and we gotta stick you in the hospital. So I've had that, I've had patients who, you know, they move [00:41:45] away or get lost to follow up, have a patient. Call me again. They don't know what's going on. They're weak, they're dizzy. They've tried all the other doctors, they've had a bypass, they haven't been in five years.

April Williams: Hmm.

They just, uh, concern me. Um, but yeah, you just can prevent it with a capsule a day. Right? Yeah. I mean,

Dr. Emma Patterson: Yeah. Like, oh, and, and need it for all my energy cell maintenance and all my nerves. Uh, yeah. You pretty much can't get more important than that, right? Right. Yeah. And then without it, I mean, it causes [00:43:15] heart failure. It's called wet berry barrier. You can get heart failure from it. And there's studies showing, uh, that higher dose thme and actually can help patients with heart failure.

So, question

April Williams: now? Yeah. Dr. Patterson, uh, if somebody's had bariatric surgery and they have onboarded a GLP one medication Yeah. Does this represent, uh, an opportunity for wares to be an issue again?

Sometimes another surgery. So now we have some meds that work a bit better with the GLP [00:44:15] one analogs. And so you can have a patient then get another rapid drop in weight loss. Or then again at higher risk, uh, for ies. So again, I would say our guidelines apply to that situation too. So [00:44:30] anyone, uh, if you're gonna start a new weight loss medication, 'cause you've plateaued or gained, you may then expecting to have a big weight loss drop.

April Williams: Go on

April Williams: And I think why it's.

This is like a human health. This is a nutrition, this is an everything issue. Yeah. Um, it, it puts a different emphasis on that. Right? [00:45:30] Because I think sometimes as patients, we get tired of hearing, well, you have to do this. Because you are a patient and you're like, cool, one more thing that I have to do because I'm a patient.

And. We're starting and you're starting to see the impacts of the changes Right. Of, of modern society being reflected in our health. Yeah. And, and it doesn't have to be a scary thing if you take the time to really understand [00:46:15] why our body needs these things and, and just what we can do to avoid them. Yeah, exactly.

And it's going to be a good experience, right? But [00:46:45] as a patient, taking the time to educate yourself about all of the things that are going to go into this, and then continuing to lean into your care team for the rest of your life, yeah, is critically important. You didn't choose to have the disease of obesity, [00:47:00] but now that you know you have a disease, you have a lot of.

Dr. Emma Patterson: Yeah. And if you, as long as you're taking, um, the right vitamins, you're gonna prevent. You know, the treatment for one disease, obesity, [00:47:30] leading to this other, yeah. Uh, equally a serious disease of warnick encephalopathy and warnick Korsakov syndrome.

But the theme of, of these conversations, one of the themes has been, it's so amazing that one surgery. Bariatric surgery can help with so many, uh, negative health things, right? Yeah. It's like this one thing does all of [00:48:00] this. Yeah. And I kind of feel like this is the case with B one with thiamine. Yes. This one vitamin helps with so many things.

Yeah.

You know, [00:48:30] we're not, we're not gonna get Warnick B one's for the brain. Yeah. I love it.

Mm-hmm. What does that mean and what's the best way to take, uh, a B one vitamin?

Uh, [00:49:15] intestine. And, and you can, it doesn't need, I mean, the beauty of it, it doesn't need any, uh, special way of taking it or, or. Things to avoid. So like, you know who you're probably were thinking of, like for your iron absorption, you gotta try to not take, which is the most [00:49:30] common vitamin deficiency we see is iron absorption.

I could talk for hours about that too. Another time. That's the most common one, which also causes a lot of things. Um, stay tuned for part

April Williams: two on our vitamin series. Yeah. I

Yeah. Thi is so, uh, well absorbed that it doesn't, um, nothing, uh, strange like, um, that happens. So it's absorbed, [00:50:00] um, in the intestine and then it okay. It, it, it, uh, biochemical things happen to it and it quickly goes through the, uh, you know, it goes to, um, it gets attached to the red cells and goes throughout the body.

April Williams: Awesome. Rad. You know what I mean?

That wraps up another empowering episode of the Berry Nation [00:51:00] Podcast. If you enjoyed today's episode, keep the conversation going by. Joining the Bari Nation membership community where you can attend live support events, access on-demand resources, and find a caring community.

Natalie Tierney: Join us@barination.mn.co.

Jason Smith: And just remember at the end of the day, you've got this. We've got you. And we'll see you next time. Bye [00:51:30] everybody.