In the 420th episode of the Cone of Shame Veterinary Podcast, Dr. Andy Roark talks with Steven Satal about the state of cannabinoid medicine in veterinary care after the early surge of interest 8–10 years ago. Satal clarifies terminology and legal distinctions between hemp (≤0.3% THC) and cannabis/marijuana (>0.3% THC), noting the 2018 Farm Bill definitions may change. They discuss how the field has plateaued but become more normalized, with over 40 PK/PD dosing studies across species and increasing specialist referrals for cannabis consults focused on harm reduction, dosing, and product selection. Satal emphasizes cannabinoids are not a silver bullet; his main uses are chronic pain, epileptic disorders, and canine cognitive dysfunction, with some evidence for itch reduction in dermatology. He typically starts dogs/cats at 2 mg/kg CBD twice daily and adjusts, stresses variable product quality, cites brands with supporting studies, and outlines cautions with sedating drugs and liver monitoring; he does not recommend cannabinoids for pre-visit anxiety.

Stephen Niño Cital holds a Masters in veterinary anesthesiology and is a veterinary technician specialist (VTS) in research anesthesia among other credentials. He has a passion for anesthesia, pain management, and integrative medicine. Stephen has authored numerous peer reviewed articles and contributed to several textbooks- including acting as the lead editor for the first veterinary cannabinoid medicine textbook and more recently a second edition of a pain management textbook. He has many exciting professional highlights but some of his favorites include being part the scientific team that discovered acidic cannabinoid forms are absorbed more efficiently than decarboxylated forms, discovered a common drug used in anesthesia causes a serious complication known as methemoglobinemia in monkeys, invented a smaller and more practical blood filter for animals during blood transfusions, and helped gain title protection for veterinary technician specialists. Stephen is a lab manager for HHMI at Stanford University in the department of neurobiology, and the Chief Veterinary Nursing Officer and director of the pain and cannabinoid medicine services at Remedy Veterinary Specialists. Additionally, he is the COO of the Veterinary Anesthesia Nerds, LLC., and Executive Director of the Academy of Laboratory Animal Veterinary Technicians and Nurses, and president of the California RVT Association. His current pursuits include completing another acupuncture certification and a VTS in neurology.