On today's episode of the Truth, Lies, & Alzheimer's Show, Lisa interviews Alexis Baker, who is a board-certified music therapist of 10 years and the founder and owner of Bridgetown Music Therapy, which she founded in 2017. Alexis is passionate about serving older adults, especially those who are living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. Alexis says that she views using music to make a positive difference in people's lives as a life calling. She is drawn to their wisdom and to their life stories and absolutely loves seniors. Lisa and Alexis discuss just how magical and powerful music is to those with cognitive decline and they share several true-to-life stories with the audience based on their personal experiences.

About the Host:

Author Lisa Skinner is a behavioral specialist with expertise in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia. In her 30+year career working with family members and caregivers, Lisa has taught them how to successfully navigate the many challenges that accompany this heartbreaking disease. Lisa is both a Certified Dementia Practitioner and is also a certified dementia care trainer through the Alzheimer’s Association. She also holds a degree in Human Behavior.

Her latest book, “Truth, Lies & Alzheimer’s – Its Secret Faces” continues Lisa’s quest of working with dementia-related illnesses and teaching families and caregivers how to better understand the daunting challenges of brain disease. Her #1 Best-seller book “Not All Who Wander Need Be Lost,” was written at their urging. As someone who has had eight family members diagnosed with dementia, Lisa Skinner has found her calling in helping others through the struggle so they can have a better-quality relationship with their loved ones through education and through her workshops on counter-intuitive solutions and tools to help people effectively manage the symptoms of brain disease. Lisa Skinner has appeared on many national and regional media broadcasts. Lisa helps explain behaviors caused by dementia, encourages those who feel burdened, and gives practical advice for how to respond.

So many people today are heavily impacted by Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. The Alzheimer's Association and the World Health Organization have projected that the number of people who will develop Alzheimer's disease by the year 2050 worldwide will triple if a treatment or cure is not found. Society is not prepared to care for the projected increase of people who will develop this devastating disease. In her 30 years of working with family members and caregivers who suffer from dementia, Lisa has recognized how little people really understand the complexities of what living with this disease is really like. For Lisa, it starts with knowledge, education, and training.

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Hi, Alexis, thanks so much for joining us today. We're so happy to have you here. I just want to share with our audience a couple things that are in your bio that I think that they would love to know about you. You are absolutely passionate about serving older adults. I can so relate to that, because I share that sentiment, especially those living with dementia. Me too. Alexis views using music to make a positive difference in the people's lives as a life calling drawn. She's drawn to their wisdom, to their life stories, and absolutely love seniors. So my first question for you, Alexis, is, because we've done shows before on the miracle. I've called it the miracle of music, the power of music for people Alzheimer's disease and dementia, but I've never had a board certified music therapist on the show before. So let's start off by youth letting us know what exactly is a board certified music therapist, and a little bit about the company you started, Bridgetown music therapy, and what exactly do you do?

All great questions. And thank you so much for the warm welcome. It's great to be on the show with you today. Lisa Well, music therapy, music therapy, as an organized profession, has been around since about the 1950s I would say it started organizing in response to World War Two veterans, when musicians would go into hospitals and play for recovering injured soldiers, and they were seeing a positive response to these for a lot

of veterans who were suffering from post traumatic stress, from Yes, so, cell shock or something and so,

yeah, so It would start. It would be both mental, mental conditions and physical conditions as a result of being in the war. Yes, and so these musicians were noticing positive responses, and then, and then it just went from there. There was some research that began and then the first music therapy programs. I don't remember the date on that, but the first music formal music therapy program began in a university, and that's bachelor's level, but at its core, music therapy is using music to help people. That's the simple definition I like to share with people. And then to break it down a little more it can it can be broken into two parts. So music therapy involves the use of evidence based music interventions that are designed to accomplish specific goals based on the needs of a group or individual. That's the first part. And then the second part is that all of that happens within a therapeutic relationship, and that person is a credentialed professional music therapist, and there's a whole process behind that, behind a person becoming credentialed as a music therapist.

So tell maybe go into a little bit more detail and elaborate on what exactly do you do for patients? What's your program? Yes,

so my my program is a little different than formal music therapy. However, I'm still using my skills as a music therapist, and I can share more about that when I talk about Bridgetown music therapy, but the formal process of music therapy involves assessing what what would be helpful to a group or individual, and then planning specific music based in. Interventions that would then address those so that it so that progress can start being made towards towards reaching those goals. So the main thing to remember about music therapy is that it is always goal oriented.

Okay, so looking for outcomes?

Yes, outcomes so that can look like many different things, because music therapists work with all ages, all different populations, everyone from babies through end of life care. So it really depends on the setting and the specific needs of a of an individual or group. But I but music therapists use a lot of the same types of activities just applied differently. So singing, playing instruments, songwriting, movement to music, are all examples of music based activities that help address whatever the goal or objective is of the therapy, yeah,

so I know firsthand the impact and the power that music therapy does have and has had on people who live with brain disease that causes dementia, and one of the reasons why it is so powerful, and if you want To elaborate on this, we'd love to hear kind of more detail about it, but we know, and there's been, you know, just study after study after study after study that supports this, that it triggers long term memory, and as we know, yes, with Alzheimer's disease, because the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the loss, first is the loss of their short term memory. Now that does not apply to all of the brain diseases that cause dementia. It is the hallmark of Alzheimer's but a lot of the brain diseases that cause dementia also impact the short term memory. With Alzheimer's disease, it really is the first area of the brain to be damaged and then, for free during the course of the disease, flips on and flips off, flips on and flips off, but we do retain our long term memories pretty much for the duration of the disease. So when the short term memory has, so to speak, short circuited, we have found that Muse riggers those long term memories and really help people living with dementia to stay connected to their to their self, to their lives, because most of our life history is embedded in our long term memories. I have seen some absolute miraculous things happen, but I don't know if you want to elaborate at all on why this phenomenon is true and and does happen. And then we'd love to hear some of your personal stories of what you personally have experienced working with people living with dementia, and what music has done for them.

Sure, I would love to share and elaborate more. Lisa, so there's, there's a few, a few reasons why music packs the brain the way it does. And you can get really sciencey and throw around a bunch of complicated terms. I'm not going to do that, but we do know that,

let's have you explain it in a way that a lay person can understand. Meaning, yes, because you know that's, that's what we want to be able to understand. So it means something to us. So as in as simplistic terms as you can possibly explain it, because all of us listening are not scientists, I don't think Yeah.

So, so here are a few reasons. We do know that music can activate every area of the brain, and that includes the memory centers. So that that's one reason, music is definitely tied to long term memories, because it's a. Sensory input. So similar to how this smell is a is a sensory input. You can be transported back to Grandma's kitchen when you smell chocolate chip cookies. It's similar with sounds particular song. The start of a song will trigger memories because it's tied to some event in life. It could be a wedding song, it could be a first dance. So music, because music is a sensory input, it gets embedded in our brain in a unique way, and therefore it triggers memories. Music can also help create new neural pathways. So when the brain with dementia, when the brain is breaking down, it can help. It's like a workaround to memories, because it can actually help create other neural pathways that can access memories and things like that, triggered by triggered by music so and then one other, one other thing is music is tied to our identity. So when you hear your personal favorite music, it can really, it can really draw a person out and be a pathway for expression and communication and all kinds of things like that. So I hope that helps explain it a little bit. It is a little complicated how it all works, and I don't even fully understand it myself, but I think that's because we're still discovering all of this, and the research is still coming out, but we do know for sure that music positively impacts the brain, and I have for sure seen this in my work, one of My favorite ways that music has made a difference is helping a person find their voice again. So for example, I have two stories I want to share. One, I was at a care community, a long term care community, and there was a resident who had recently suffered a stroke, and she had lost her ability to speak for the most part. And the stroke had just recently happened, and I was actually unaware of that, because she was in a group. I wasn't working with her one on one, but I knelt down to her level and just began, I made eye contact with her, and just began singing the song, You are my sunshine. It's a very well known, familiar song, and, oh yeah, such a good one. I was just kind of working my way around the room that with the group of residents going one to one, and she began audibly singing with me, and the care staff was just in in shock, because they knew that she had just had suffered a stroke, but I didn't, so I was just, you know, doing my, doing my job, connecting with, with the residents. And later I found out, but that's the the miracle of music is that it can, it can trigger speech, when it when it seems, when it seems, lost from a condition such as stroke.

Well, that's a very, very similar story to the chapter in my book featuring Sam and this man had not spoken for over a year, and he was transferred into memory care unit at a care facility, and they wheeled him in in a wheelchair, and nobody couldn't walk, he couldn't talk. He hadn't spoken for over a year, and they were having a musical in the living room that day, and the pianist started playing old lang vine. And this gentleman is a Vietnam vet, and he stood up out of his chair and. Started just out of nowhere, belting out the words to old lang syne. And that's the very first time anybody had heard him utter a word in over a year, and the music brought him out of it. So it's a very similar story to the one that you just told. So yeah, it's, that's a powerful, powerful, yeah,

that's amazing. I love that. And another example, I was working with at an at another care community, an older gentleman who had pretty advanced Alzheimer's, and he he had lost a lot of his ability to speak, but he he began singing with me, like very, very audibly, and you could tell the music had touched him in a way that that other things hadn't been able to reach him and really drew him out and allowed him to express himself through music. And it was just a really beautiful moment of being able to facilitate the music reaching him and making a difference, helping him to express and communicate.

Yeah, they are beautiful moments. I could not agree with you more on that, and even you know, like deeper aspects of a person's life being drawn out. And this is kind of to piggyback on what you were saying earlier, because I think it draws music, draws out more than just our audible sensory perceptions. It triggers memories of like a special occasion. So you mentioned, like Christmas carols and let's say somebody's playing music in their Christmas carols. Well, maybe not only will they place themselves into a really fond memory of Christmas of their past, but they can then visualize, you know the candy canes on the tree, and maybe the hot apple cider, the mold Spiced Cider, and you know, the plate of cookies that as a child they left for Santa with a Glass of milk. So really stirs up so many wonderful feel good memories. And the other thing that we know that happens with people with dementia is they may not remember what somebody just said to them two seconds ago or five minutes ago or an hour ago, but if you can create these feel good memories through music, past experiences, those feel good memories stay with them for a really long time, And, you know, for days. So we're really by doing these things, we are bringing so much joy into the lives of these people who appear to be lost, but then you start playing music, and you realize they're not lost at all. They're just kind of hiding for a little while. And and we've both seen all these wonderful life memories from their past just come alive. What and music is really the instrument that turns it all on for them?

Wouldn't you agree with that? Absolutely, and music can because it's tied to memories, it can bring up positive feelings from that, but also the the innate qualities of music, the rhythm, the melodies and harmonies, all the different qualities of music activate the feel good centers of the brain. They trigger dopamine releases, and that can also be a residual effect so long after the music and that person can still be feeling those positive emotions,

absolutely and one of the things that we recommend doing for loved ones, or if you're caring for somebody that lives with Alzheimer's disease slash dementia, is to create a favorite playlist for them, and because the show. Short term memory fails first, we recommend that you go back into their younger years and find out. This is what is really helpful, to have a life history on the person, find out what kind of music they like. Did they like jazz music they grew up in the 20s or and then play that type of music, and you will stimulate so many amazing, awesome memories for for those people, and you just will have no idea how much joy you just brought to your loved one or the person you're caring for by playing their favorite song. So creating a playlist is a recommended activity to do for anybody you're caring for who lives with dementia, or your loved one, if you go visit them, take along some of their favorite music, and you can just watch them shine,

definitely, I would absolutely recommend that as a music therapist, and the more you can dig and find out about their past and find out what those specific songs or type of music might be, it could be something really obscure or something really well known, but you got to be a detective and do a little digging and find out what their preferred music is, and then build the playlist off of that.

That's right, I put it, I usually say, but we all have to put our Sherlock Holmes hats on, start doing a little bit of investigative reporting and investigative work to find out, really what, what's going to be pleasing to them and everybody's different. So your playlist for your loved one could be very different from somebody else's playlist, but the more you know about their past and their history and the type of music they enjoyed, then you will really bring up the best of the best for them. Anything else that you think would be important for us to know about the type of work you do and your experiences and the things that you've really seen in your personal experience. This brought lots of joy to the people that you've worked with.

Well, there are so many over the years, and in my first few years of being a music therapist, I kept a journal, and I was just looking back over it, and I found this quote from a nurse, and this was a memory care facility, and I just thought it was so powerful. She said about one of the residents, music is the only thing that brings her to life. And I just love that, because it's so true. It can really draw a person out when that, when dementia, causes them to kind of retreat inward and disengage with the world around them. Music can re engage them and and draw them out to connect with the people around them, to be expressive and communicative and get their body moving, and all those, all those good things.

Yeah, I've seen folk living in precare units, who, once they hear music going, they'll stop, start tapping foot and kind of, you know, like engaging their bodies, doing a little dance. And it just, it really just was like turning a switch on, and you look at them because you're not expecting that. You're expecting them to just kind of be almost catatonic. And the music they just come alive. It is such a wonderful thing to observe and to witness, and you can feel their joy, their joy. I'm sure you can feel their joy.

Absolutely. I always like to say that music is a natural motivator, a mood shifter and a and a great connector. So those are good things to remember about how music can impact a person. Oh, I

agree with you 1,000% so if you are all. Questioning out there. Believe Alexis and me, we have personally witnessed it. We've experienced it. We've seen what it does for people living with dementia. And it's all true. It's backed by scientific studies, and it's one of the best things you can do for somebody you're caring for some your loved ones, is to provide them with music therapy and help them live their best lives in spite of dementia. So Alexis, this has really been a very dynamic conversation, very dynamic discussion. I thoroughly, thoroughly enjoyed it. We're so happy and privileged to have you come up and share your expertise and your knowledge with us. My business is called Bridgetown music therapy.

It can be found online. The website is bridge town m d.com, Bridgetown M p.com, MT stands for music therapy, and you can get in touch with us there and learn learn more about the services we provide. We are on Instagram at Bridgetown music therapy, Facebook at Bridgetown music therapy. We're on LinkedIn. We're on YouTube, so we hope to connect with you there.

Thanks again. Alexis, this is so wonderful to have you on. Thanks everybody for being here. I look forward to bringing you another brand new episode next week. I hope you all have a great week, and we will be talking with you soon. Bye, bye.

Thank you. Lisa.