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The future of museums with Elizabeth Merritt
Episode 16630th April 2026 • The Art Engager • Claire Bown
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After five years and 166 episodes with listeners in 91 countries, this is the final episode of The Art Engager - for now, at least.

For this last conversation, I wanted a guest who felt right not just for the occasion, but for the moment the whole sector is living through. Someone who has spent nearly two decades asking the questions most of us might find too uncomfortable or too speculative to sit with: what does the future hold for museums, and what do we need to do now to be ready for it?

My guest is Elizabeth Merritt, Vice President for Strategic Foresight at the American Alliance of Museums and founding director of the Center for the Future of Museums.

In this conversation we look back at how the operating environment for museums has changed since the Center began in 2008. We explore the assumptions being tested right now around leadership, philanthropy, and the stability of the nonprofit sector. And we look ahead to what museums need to build - and why, ultimately, museums matter.

Listen to find out what's in store for the future of museums; why after five years this feels like the right time to pause; and a proper thank you to everyone who has made this podcast what it is.

The Art Engager is written and presented by Claire Bown. Editing is by Matt Jacobs and Claire Bown. Music by Richard Bown. Support on Patreon

Mentioned in this episode

Episode 158: The Art Engager x NEMO: Who Cares? Museums, Wellbeing and Resilience: https://podcast.artengager.com/episode/who-cares-museums-wellbeing-and-resilience/

Episode 143: Uncertainty: Finding wonder in not knowing with Maggie Jackson: https://podcast.artengager.com/episode/uncertainty-finding-wonder-in-not-knowing/

Designing and Facilitating Slow Looking - starts June 10 2026: https://thinkingmuseum.com/designing-and-facilitating-slow-looking/

Every Single Episode of The Art Engager podcast: https://thinkingmuseum.com/every-single-episode-of-the-art-engager-podcast/

Links for Elizabeth Merritt, CFM and AAM

CFM aam-us.org/topic/center-for-the-future-of-museums/

Back catalog of TrendsWatch reports aam-us.org/trendswatch

Dispatches from the Future of Museums (a weekly roundup of recent news stories illuminating trends and events shaping society, technology, economics, the environment, and policy) aam-us.org/dispatches

2026 AAM Annual Meeting and MuseumExpo. Philadelphia, PA May 20-23 https://annualmeeting.aam-us.org/

Show Links:

Pick up a copy of my book, The Art Engager, for step-by-step guidance on creating meaningful, interactive guided experiences https://www.theartengager.com/

Buy it here on Amazon.com: https://tinyurl.com/buytheartengager

Curated newsletter: https://thinkingmuseum.com/newsletter/

Adventures in (Slow) Looking on Substack: https://adventuresinslowlooking.substack.com/

Transcripts

Claire Bown:

Hello and welcome to The Art Engager podcast with me, Claire Bown.

Claire Bown:

I'm here to share techniques and tools to help you engage with your audience

Claire Bown:

and bring art objects and ideas to life.

Claire Bown:

So let's dive into this week's show.

Claire Bown:

Hello and welcome back to The Art Engager Podcast.

Claire Bown:

I'm Claire Bown, and today is the podcast's fifth birthday.

Claire Bown:

It's also the last episode for now, at least.

Claire Bown:

In case you miss my announcement yesterday, I've decided to take a

Claire Bown:

bit of a break, a sabbatical, if you will, and I just want to take

Claire Bown:

a moment to talk about that, before we get into today's conversation.

Claire Bown:

So after five years and 166 episodes with listeners in 91, yes, 91 countries.

Claire Bown:

I'm genuinely so proud of what this podcast has become.

Claire Bown:

It has brought so many interesting people, great conversations, and really

Claire Bown:

unexpected opportunities into my life.

Claire Bown:

And honestly, I wasn't expecting any of that when I sat down to record those first

Claire Bown:

solo episodes under a blanket in 2021.

Claire Bown:

I am a little sad too.

Claire Bown:

This podcast has been such a big part of my working life for five years,

Claire Bown:

something I've built week by week, episode by episode, largely on my own.

Claire Bown:

It began as almost entirely solo episodes, just me a microphone, and

Claire Bown:

a lot to say, and over time it's grown into the mix of solo and guest

Claire Bown:

conversations it's been ever since.

Claire Bown:

And I've learned so much from all of my guests.

Claire Bown:

It's been a real privilege to get to talk to so many people doing such

Claire Bown:

interesting and important work in museums and cultural spaces all over the world.

Claire Bown:

And I really think that having those conversations has also shaped

Claire Bown:

my own thinking in so many ways.

Claire Bown:

But I also feel ready, ready to make a bit of space for perhaps new books, new ideas,

Claire Bown:

new things I haven't yet figured out.

Claire Bown:

And I want to leave on a high note while the podcast is still at its best, where

Claire Bown:

there's still energy and curiosity in it.

Claire Bown:

Whether it comes back in what form and when.

Claire Bown:

I honestly don't know yet, but I'm not closing the door.

Claire Bown:

I will have more to say at the end of the episode, including a proper thank you to

Claire Bown:

everyone who has made this what it is.

Claire Bown:

Now for this final episode, I wanted a guest who felt right for this moment,

Claire Bown:

not just for the birthday and the sabbatical, but for the moment the whole

Claire Bown:

sector is currently living through.

Claire Bown:

Someone who has spent the better part of two decades asking the questions

Claire Bown:

most of us find too uncomfortable or too speculative to sit with: what does

Claire Bown:

the future hold for museums and what do we need to do now to be ready for it?

Claire Bown:

My guest today is Elizabeth Merritt, vice President for Strategic

Claire Bown:

Foresight at the American Alliance of Museums and founding director of

Claire Bown:

the Center for the Future of Museums.

Claire Bown:

Since 2008 through financial crisis, pandemic, acceleration of AI and

Claire Bown:

everything in between, Elizabeth and the Center have been scanning the

Claire Bown:

horizon for the museum sector, helping organizations to think further ahead

Claire Bown:

than their next strategic plan, and challenging them to question assumptions

Claire Bown:

they didn't even know they were making.

Claire Bown:

So in this conversation, we look back at how the operating environment for museums

Claire Bown:

has changed since the center began.

Claire Bown:

We explore some of the assumptions that are being tested right now around

Claire Bown:

leadership, philanthropy, and the stability of the non-profit sector.

Claire Bown:

And we look ahead to what museums need to build and why ultimately, museums matter.

Claire Bown:

It's a really wide ranging conversation and I think a fitting one to close

Claire Bown:

five years of The Art Engager on.

Claire Bown:

I hope you enjoy it and I'll be back at the end to wrap up,

Claire Bown:

hello Elizabeth.

Claire Bown:

Welcome to The Art Engager podcast.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Thank you, Claire.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I'm so happy to be here with you today.

Claire Bown:

So our first question, as always, is who are you and what do you do?

Elizabeth Merritt:

I'm Elizabeth Merritt.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I'm the Vice President of Strategic Foresight and founding Director of the

Elizabeth Merritt:

Center for the Future of Museums at the American Alliance of Museums in the USA.

Claire Bown:

So, we are lucky enough to have met once before on

Claire Bown:

this podcast for the Special NEMO Conference, episode that we did.

Claire Bown:

But I invited you back here because I wanted to hear more

Claire Bown:

about the amazing work that you do.

Claire Bown:

So, can you tell us a little bit about what the Center

Claire Bown:

for the Future of Museums is?

Elizabeth Merritt:

Absolutely.

Elizabeth Merritt:

The Center for the Future of Museums actually was founded in 2008, which,

Elizabeth Merritt:

if you think back, is a period that was shaped by two huge forces.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Economically, it was the financial collapse sparked by the mortgage loan

Elizabeth Merritt:

crisis, and technologically it was the rapid acceleration of social media.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Yeah, I'd like to say that actually made it easier to launch CFM

Elizabeth Merritt:

because in times of uncertainty people are more open to new ideas.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So in that environment, um, we came out and I said, center for the

Elizabeth Merritt:

Future of Museums is gonna be a think tank and research and development

Elizabeth Merritt:

lab for fostering creativity and helping museums transcend traditional

Elizabeth Merritt:

boundaries to serve society in new ways.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I've been doing, do the math.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I've been doing this for 17 years now, and in that time I've had A

Elizabeth Merritt:

great run of acting as a kind of agent provocateur, challenging museums

Elizabeth Merritt:

to question their assumptions about traditional practices and experimenting

Elizabeth Merritt:

with new ways of doing business.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I felt this was necessary because humans tend to spend a lot of time

Elizabeth Merritt:

focusing on what has been proven to work in the past, because that

Elizabeth Merritt:

seems like a good way to reduce risk.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And that's perfectly valid in a sort of stable time where you

Elizabeth Merritt:

can use what's worked in the past to be successful in the future.

Elizabeth Merritt:

But as the years since our launch have proven this is not a stable

Elizabeth Merritt:

time, so I help museums assess what traditional practices might not

Elizabeth Merritt:

be working so well any longer and experiment with what could work better.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So I like to encourage our sector to explore the edges of what's

Elizabeth Merritt:

possible given time and circumstances.

Claire Bown:

And, I'm gonna throw this question out there to you, but I was

Claire Bown:

thinking as you were describing yourself there as an agent provocateur, which is

Claire Bown:

a lovely description, what does a typical day look like for you in that role?

Elizabeth Merritt:

Well, let me frame what the work falls into.

Elizabeth Merritt:

'cause then the specifics of the day make more sense.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So my assignments are, first of all, to help museums think on a longer timeframe,

Elizabeth Merritt:

which you'd think would be easy since most museums will tell you that they're

Elizabeth Merritt:

there to preserve whatever they're taking care of for all of posterity.

Elizabeth Merritt:

But in fact, we tend to focus on the next two or three years of our strategic plan.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I teach the basics of foresight, which is an established discipline.

Elizabeth Merritt:

But because most museums are never gonna have a dedicated futurist on

Elizabeth Merritt:

staff, uh, my day involves doing a lot of the groundwork for the field.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So I'm scanning the news and saying, what's happening out there that

Elizabeth Merritt:

could have interesting implications?

Elizabeth Merritt:

What's a little signal of how the future could be different than it is today?

Elizabeth Merritt:

Uh, so flagging potential disruptions, for example, the emerging measles

Elizabeth Merritt:

epidemic in the us, and most importantly, helping museums explore

Elizabeth Merritt:

what I call the cone of plausibility.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Some futures call it the cone of probability or the cone of possibility.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So this is a map.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Imagine a cone extending out from a point that is the present, and

Elizabeth Merritt:

basically it's a map of potential futures and it's establishing the

Elizabeth Merritt:

basic truth of foresight, which is we don't know what the future will be.

Elizabeth Merritt:

It's not a matter of magically figuring out what's gonna

Elizabeth Merritt:

happen and telling people.

Elizabeth Merritt:

It's realizing that it could be any number of things.

Elizabeth Merritt:

We have to imagine different potential futures in order to,

Elizabeth Merritt:

first of all, figure out how to be successful no matter what happens.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Because the future may very well not be what we assume it's gonna be.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Most importantly to realize, if we imagine a preferred future every day

Elizabeth Merritt:

as we make choices about how we spend our resources, whether that's time or

Elizabeth Merritt:

money or connections, we can be making choices that help that preferred future

Elizabeth Merritt:

be the one that actually happens.

Claire Bown:

And when we look back to the start of CFM, back to 2008 and

Claire Bown:

compare it to now, I mean it feels like a lifetime ago, but what feels fundamentally

Claire Bown:

different over that span of time?

Claire Bown:

Perhaps what assumptions about museums have changed?

Claire Bown:

What feels different about the operating environment?

Claire Bown:

You know, how would you compare the two?

Elizabeth Merritt:

First of all, let's remember how many massive disruptions

Elizabeth Merritt:

have happened in that 17 years.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So, I mentioned already the financial collapse and the rise of social media.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Those were two that helped launch the center, but since then,

Elizabeth Merritt:

we've had the COVID-19 pandemic.

Elizabeth Merritt:

That was a global disruption .Here in the US and possibly globally we've seen an

Elizabeth Merritt:

increase in the partisan divide that has people more and more angry and unable to

Elizabeth Merritt:

talk across their political differences.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And now we're actually living in what some would call a previously

Elizabeth Merritt:

unimaginable future, in which here in the US non-profits generally and

Elizabeth Merritt:

museums are under pressure to censor their activities and their content.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So I think that when you look at what's fundamentally different,

Elizabeth Merritt:

it's that we can't assume that anything is unimaginable.

Elizabeth Merritt:

There's no assumption that we can depend on.

Elizabeth Merritt:

We're fundamentally having to say, what happened 10 years ago isn't some magical

Elizabeth Merritt:

normal that we're going to rebound to, and we're just looking to dog paddle

Elizabeth Merritt:

until we get back to that stable state.

Elizabeth Merritt:

It's remaining open to the fact that any area of practice, whether it's

Elizabeth Merritt:

cultural practices, technology, the environment, the economy, politics are

Elizabeth Merritt:

being transformed, and we're having to reimagine our institutions and

Elizabeth Merritt:

the needs of our communities in the face of change that's gonna create

Elizabeth Merritt:

some new normal, that at this rate of change, may not last very long either.

Claire Bown:

If we go back to 2018, one thing that, I went back to read was

Claire Bown:

a Trendswatch scenario that actually explored a future in which the status

Claire Bown:

of nonprofits were actually threatened by this global pandemic, back in 2018

Claire Bown:

you talked about financial insecurity.

Claire Bown:

You talked about a possible probable nationalist presidential administration.

Claire Bown:

That felt really quite improbable, very speculative at the time, and yet...

Elizabeth Merritt:

thank you for that.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Yes.

Elizabeth Merritt:

That was a scenario called Wild Times that was included in a scenario set

Elizabeth Merritt:

we published as our 2018 edition of Trendswatch, our annual Foresight

Elizabeth Merritt:

report, and that's still available as a free download on the web.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And the purpose of that set of scenarios, including Wild Times, which was considered

Elizabeth Merritt:

at the time, 'oh, that's the fringy, improbable future we might wanna keep

Elizabeth Merritt:

an eye on', is to bring home this fact that we don't know what will happen and

Elizabeth Merritt:

that even if you can say the mainstream consensuses were going straightforward,

Elizabeth Merritt:

it's entirely possible we'll get knocked off course and something as crazy as,

Elizabeth Merritt:

yeah, a global pandemic, financial insecurity, and a nationalist President

Elizabeth Merritt:

can reshape our operating environment.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And I think it brings home what a guest of yours from a past episode

Elizabeth Merritt:

Maggie Jackson pointed out when talking about dealing with uncertainty, is

Elizabeth Merritt:

in hindsight, if you look at some of the previously 'inconceivable'

Elizabeth Merritt:

events, uh, to quote Princess Bride, like the 911 terrorist attacks, um,

Elizabeth Merritt:

or the COVID-19 pandemic or Hurricane Katrina, devastating New Orleans.

Elizabeth Merritt:

If you go back in time, there were credible experts, not fringe theorists,

Elizabeth Merritt:

saying this is possible, even probable, it may be the kind of uncertain event

Elizabeth Merritt:

where you know it's going to happen eventually, but you don't know when.

Elizabeth Merritt:

But we can game out what that would look like and we can say, 'great,

Elizabeth Merritt:

how could we take that skill of hindsight and turn it forward'.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So instead of saying, well, if you look back, you can see there were

Elizabeth Merritt:

people saying this could happen.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Say who's right now doing credible, thoughtful analysis of what could happen

Elizabeth Merritt:

and take that into account in our planning so that we're not surprised if it does

Elizabeth Merritt:

turn out to be the future we live in.

Claire Bown:

Yeah, absolutely.

Claire Bown:

And if we bring it up to date and, um, even if we look back to 2025,

Claire Bown:

I think there's reason to be fairly unoptimistic, even a little bit gloomy

Claire Bown:

about some of the numbers you shared in the trends watch report, and I

Claire Bown:

have some of the numbers here as well.

Claire Bown:

69% of US museums negatively impacted by executive action.

Claire Bown:

63% anticipating disruption from philanthropy shifts.

Claire Bown:

59% of art museum directors struggling to build a qualified candidate pool.

Claire Bown:

And when you look at all of these figures together, how should we read this moment?

Claire Bown:

Is this a cycle we're going through or is there something more structural happening?

Elizabeth Merritt:

I think it's structural.

Elizabeth Merritt:

As I mentioned, I think it's shifting from an old normal to a new normal.

Elizabeth Merritt:

One of the fundamental frameworks for foresight is

Elizabeth Merritt:

called the Three Horizons Model.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And it says, you know, the first horizon is the one we're living in now.

Elizabeth Merritt:

That's characterized by a certain paradigm of what works.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And, over time, that dominant paradigm stops working so well and you struggle

Elizabeth Merritt:

to make it work, and you make tweaks around the edges and you try and

Elizabeth Merritt:

patch it, but fundamentally the boat is leaking and it's gonna sink.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And you realize that at some point.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And I think we're at that point in many ways.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Eventually you're gonna reach the third horizon, which is having arrived at a new

Elizabeth Merritt:

set of successful paradigms that do work.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Unfortunately, in the middle is the second horizon, which is

Elizabeth Merritt:

this messy experimental time.

Elizabeth Merritt:

When you have to do things that fail and go back and rethink it,

Elizabeth Merritt:

it's, it's very uncomfortable.

Elizabeth Merritt:

It's a high degree of uncertainty, but that going through that second

Elizabeth Merritt:

horizon is the only way you're gonna arrive at the new paradigms.

Elizabeth Merritt:

One of the strengths of foresight, is it teaches the sneaky technique of skipping

Elizabeth Merritt:

over the Messy Middle and going straight to that third horizon and saying, ' forget

Elizabeth Merritt:

about the hard part for now, let's dream a bit and imagine what would work, what

Elizabeth Merritt:

would be a preferable future that we think would be stable for these reasons'.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And then, effectively, you do what Dr. Jane McGonigal from the Institute

Elizabeth Merritt:

of the Future calls, remembering the future, you put yourself in that

Elizabeth Merritt:

future, that third horizon you've created that you think is going to

Elizabeth Merritt:

be happy and thriving and successful, and you remember how you got there.

Elizabeth Merritt:

It's kind of like cheating when you go through a maze.

Elizabeth Merritt:

If you enter a maze, you know, you turn right and you hit a dead end, you go

Elizabeth Merritt:

back and you turn left, and then you turn right and you hit another dead end.

Elizabeth Merritt:

It's very confusing, right?

Elizabeth Merritt:

'cause somewhere, you know, there's an exit, but you can't see it.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Skipping straight to the third horizon and trying to remember how you got there is

Elizabeth Merritt:

like being on a hot air balloon floating above the maize and looking down and you

Elizabeth Merritt:

see the end point and you're, 'oh, okay.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I can trace backwards to where I am now', and it's much easier

Elizabeth Merritt:

to see what the path forward is.

Claire Bown:

And if we look at this year's Trendswatch report, there are three

Claire Bown:

kind of strands or perhaps assumptions, these long held ideas that people feel

Claire Bown:

less secure about than they once did.

Claire Bown:

So you talk about leadership pipelines, philanthropy, and even the kind of

Claire Bown:

stability of the nonprofit sector itself.

Claire Bown:

When you put these three together, what picture are they painting

Claire Bown:

about the environment that museums might be moving into?

Elizabeth Merritt:

So the theme of this year's Trendswatch

Elizabeth Merritt:

was Questioning Assumptions.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Because assumptions are what tend to lead you in the wrong direction for

Elizabeth Merritt:

a long time before you realize you were going in the wrong direction.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So for leadership, for example, the assumption would be everybody

Elizabeth Merritt:

wants to be a museum director or a manager and move up the ranks.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And anytime you advertise a job, there's gonna be lots of qualified

Elizabeth Merritt:

candidates that make it relatively easy to fill the position with somebody

Elizabeth Merritt:

well qualified, who's going to succeed.

Elizabeth Merritt:

That is wrong in so many ways right now.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Uh, I quote a longtime museum director from the US, Laura

Elizabeth Merritt:

Raicovich, who said, I'm paraphrasing.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Nobody wants to be a museum director right now because it's a lousy job.

Elizabeth Merritt:

It's very high stress.

Elizabeth Merritt:

It's all of the expectations of the public and the board of trustees and the staff

Elizabeth Merritt:

who now have the power via social media to be, you know, harassing their directors

Elizabeth Merritt:

from below, holding them accountable.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And part of it's generational.

Elizabeth Merritt:

There's a lot of data saying that millennials and Gen Z don't have

Elizabeth Merritt:

the same views about their life, that it's automatically, you

Elizabeth Merritt:

want to rise through the ranks.

Elizabeth Merritt:

A lot of people are more concerned about work life balance.

Elizabeth Merritt:

They see management as being a lot of stress that isn't

Elizabeth Merritt:

compensated with adequate money.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So I think museums have to spend more conscious time saying, how are we

Elizabeth Merritt:

going to make ourselves supportive, desirable, healthy workplaces that

Elizabeth Merritt:

people want to not only work for, but stay in and take on more responsibility.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And that means, that's a fundamental mind shift from we have a job

Elizabeth Merritt:

we're gonna advertise it to.

Elizabeth Merritt:

We need to be a training ground.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So museums have to think about providing broad training in a

Elizabeth Merritt:

variety of skills for all staff.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So it may not be, you know, we're gonna advertise this development position.

Elizabeth Merritt:

It might be, let's make sure that all staff who might want to become a

Elizabeth Merritt:

development person in the future, have access to mentoring or in internal

Elizabeth Merritt:

internships or training, that help them explore that as a career path.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Uh, so there's cross training and there's mentorship.

Elizabeth Merritt:

There are examples of museums actually doing this.

Elizabeth Merritt:

This isn't just me thinking it up out of my head.

Elizabeth Merritt:

The Bullock Texas State History Museum has created apprenticeship positions

Elizabeth Merritt:

for people with good but non-museum specific experience and training.

Elizabeth Merritt:

The Taft Museum in Cincinnati sees itself as a training ground.

Elizabeth Merritt:

They call themselves a triple A league training ground for the major

Elizabeth Merritt:

leagues, that can launch staff into careers and museums across the country.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I also think that creates a healthy focus on creating an environment

Elizabeth Merritt:

people want to work in because our field has long been sadly underpaid.

Elizabeth Merritt:

There certainly may be constraints about what we could offer in terms

Elizabeth Merritt:

of pay compared to big for-profit businesses, but that doesn't mean we

Elizabeth Merritt:

have to settle for sub minimum wage.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And there are also things that we have the um, ability to do to

Elizabeth Merritt:

create much better work environments that we could take advantage of.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So that's leadership.

Claire Bown:

Yeah.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Philanthropy.

Elizabeth Merritt:

We can't just assume that the people who used to give to traditional institutions

Elizabeth Merritt:

as they die, their heirs are going to immediately behave the same way.

Elizabeth Merritt:

They're gonna say, I want to support the symphony or the opera, or the big

Elizabeth Merritt:

local art museum because, they're the cornerstones of our community and.

Elizabeth Merritt:

The way I show my prestige in the community is to

Elizabeth Merritt:

give to those institutions.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Uh, younger people are much more, first of all, they're not in

Elizabeth Merritt:

financially a secure shape often.

Elizabeth Merritt:

At least in the US , if you go down below the top 10%, a lot of people are

Elizabeth Merritt:

struggling to make rent and buy groceries and are struggling with student debt.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So it's a big decision to give to nonprofits and a lot of younger

Elizabeth Merritt:

people are saying, 'I care about causes', like saving the environment

Elizabeth Merritt:

or improving this in my neighborhood, not, 'I love that institution, so

Elizabeth Merritt:

I'm gonna give to that institution'.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So I really think museums have to think fundamentally differently

Elizabeth Merritt:

about philanthropy and consciously how to cultivate support.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I read a really great piece of research this week.

Elizabeth Merritt:

It's from the uk and it shows that people who hadn't visited the Natural

Elizabeth Merritt:

History Museum in London for the past three years, okay, so they

Elizabeth Merritt:

hadn't visited, they know about the museum, but they haven't been there.

Elizabeth Merritt:

They're still willing to pay an average of almost 12 pounds, which is

Elizabeth Merritt:

about $16 US, to support the museum.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Even though they're not going, to ensure that the museum is preserved

Elizabeth Merritt:

for current and future generations.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So the researchers called this a measure of 'non-use value'.

Elizabeth Merritt:

One thing I pointed out in Trendswatch is the tendency of nonprofits to

Elizabeth Merritt:

structure, to incentivize fundraising in ways that I think can be problematic.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So how do you make your goal for raising a lot of money?

Elizabeth Merritt:

Go to a few big donors and get large gifts.

Elizabeth Merritt:

But relying on a few large donors can amplify the risks of losing any one of

Elizabeth Merritt:

them, for example, if their interests or financial situation changes.

Elizabeth Merritt:

There have been unfortunate examples of museums relying on promised

Elizabeth Merritt:

gifts that didn't come to be because of financial challenges.

Elizabeth Merritt:

It can also make a museum unwilling to say or do things they fear

Elizabeth Merritt:

would alienate a major donor.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So it's giving one person who, who happens to be wealthy, a

Elizabeth Merritt:

disproportionate amount of influence.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So it may be both more stable and more democratic with a small D to

Elizabeth Merritt:

cultivate a broad base of donors who give smaller amounts, but passionately

Elizabeth Merritt:

believe in a museum's mission or the role it plays in the community.

Elizabeth Merritt:

That could be a lot of work to cultivate, but in the long term, it might be more

Elizabeth Merritt:

stable and it might create a healthier alignment between funding and mission.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So how do we incentivize that kind of fundraising so that it's worth the work?

Elizabeth Merritt:

Oh, and you brought up the last challenge being nonprofit stability.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Well, I think it starts by taking a step back and recognizing that a lot of

Elizabeth Merritt:

visitors don't know what a nonprofit is, don't know the role that the nonprofit

Elizabeth Merritt:

sector plays in society and may not know that a particular museum is a nonprofit.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Right?

Elizabeth Merritt:

So how can you expect people to really support and defend a

Elizabeth Merritt:

structure that they don't understand?

Elizabeth Merritt:

A federal official in the US here in the US recently commented something

Elizabeth Merritt:

to the effect that we cannot have arts institutions that lose money.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So sit with that for a moment, right?

Elizabeth Merritt:

For many years we've said like nonprofit is a tax status, not a business model.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So no, we're not here to lose money, but we need to educate our representatives

Elizabeth Merritt:

and career staffers and local, state and federal government and the public

Elizabeth Merritt:

that nonprofits don't quote unquote, 'lose money' because they can't cover

Elizabeth Merritt:

their costs with earned revenue.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Uh, as the wonderful commenter Emil Kang wrote in a recent post on his

Elizabeth Merritt:

substack which is called The Reprise, highly Recommend, he said, quote, 'tax

Elizabeth Merritt:

exemption isn't a loophole or a subsidy for inefficiency, it's a social contract.'

Elizabeth Merritt:

Building on that.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I'd say we need to raise awareness that nonprofit status and the attached

Elizabeth Merritt:

tax exemption is that social contract.

Elizabeth Merritt:

It's a way for all of us collectively to support activities that make our

Elizabeth Merritt:

nation and our communities better and ensure that arts and culture and

Elizabeth Merritt:

science, first of all,, exist at all.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And secondly, benefit people generally and not just the economic elite.

Claire Bown:

So when you step back from all of this, we're talking

Claire Bown:

about the leadership pressures, the changes in funding, questions

Claire Bown:

about stability for nonprofits.

Claire Bown:

What pattern do you see emerging now for museums?

Claire Bown:

What trends concern you the most and where are you seeing

Claire Bown:

perhaps some encouraging signs?

Elizabeth Merritt:

It may surprise some listeners to learn.

Elizabeth Merritt:

My training is, uh, not in museum studies or arts management.

Elizabeth Merritt:

My training is in evolutionary biology, and I think one of the most promising

Elizabeth Merritt:

things for museums is that the sector as a whole continues to speciate.

Elizabeth Merritt:

If I can use a term of art, we keep spinning off more variations.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Museums that are entirely digital or moved from place to place or created

Elizabeth Merritt:

to address particular critical social or environmental issues.

Elizabeth Merritt:

At the same time, we have our long-term survivors, the museum equivalents

Elizabeth Merritt:

of coelacanths or horseshoe crabs that look practically unchanged from

Elizabeth Merritt:

one or 200 years ago, in a good way.

Elizabeth Merritt:

For example, AM's annual meeting in May is gonna be in Philadelphia.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Today in Philadelphia, you could visit the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Elizabeth Merritt:

It was founded in 1855, and in many ways, it's unchanged from its 19th century form.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Can go in and see the old exhibit cases and the historic displays of specimens

Elizabeth Merritt:

that collected by the founder and go to fabulous public programming where people

Elizabeth Merritt:

walk in with their own specimens they've picked up and want to have identified

Elizabeth Merritt:

or sit down and sketch the birds.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I wish it was down the block from me so I could visit often.

Elizabeth Merritt:

But at the same time, you could go online and visit the Kramer Museum,

Elizabeth Merritt:

which is a born digital virtual reality museum that launched in

Elizabeth Merritt:

2017 and exists only on the web.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So I think that the bright spot is, as long as we continue to experiment and

Elizabeth Merritt:

show this vast range of variation, we're gonna thrive as a sector in the long term.

Claire Bown:

And when we look at all of these assumptions together, and I'm

Claire Bown:

sure lots of listeners will be nodding along to lots of the things that, that

Claire Bown:

you are saying, listening to this.

Claire Bown:

so for people listening, working in different museum systems, in

Claire Bown:

different parts of the world, what should they take from this?

Elizabeth Merritt:

I think the common message, regardless of how

Elizabeth Merritt:

museums in a given country are structured or funded, is the need to

Elizabeth Merritt:

measure and communicate the value of museums as community infrastructure.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Too often when we think about a success, it's numbers, right, which actually,

Elizabeth Merritt:

can be challenging to gather, but theoretically you can measure the number

Elizabeth Merritt:

of people who are attending and how much you brought in from the latest traveling

Elizabeth Merritt:

exhibit, uh, the number of members.

Elizabeth Merritt:

But if you look at the social impact of museums, if you think about the hard but

Elizabeth Merritt:

very rewarding work of showing that we are not just custodians and educators

Elizabeth Merritt:

about history or science or art, but that museums are really fundamental anchor

Elizabeth Merritt:

institutions that promote health and wellbeing, that create livable communities

Elizabeth Merritt:

for the elderly and their caregivers, that foster resilience in the face of climate

Elizabeth Merritt:

disruptions or in the face of cultural and political upheaval, I think then we're

Elizabeth Merritt:

cultivating a common shared understanding of the need to support museums, not just

Elizabeth Merritt:

because, oh, I like going to museums and some people don't, but because

Elizabeth Merritt:

they're essential to the stability and health and future of our countries.

Claire Bown:

Yeah.

Claire Bown:

And if we take that as the environment that museums are moving into, what

Claire Bown:

do they need to strengthen now, what capacity should museums be thinking about

Claire Bown:

building that they don't yet fully have?

Claire Bown:

Bearing in mind that museums as organizations and institutions,

Claire Bown:

they move quite slowly.

Claire Bown:

So

Elizabeth Merritt:

I wanna tell you a little joke about that.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Uh.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So there, there used to be decades ago, a joke that it was relatively easy to

Elizabeth Merritt:

be a consultant for the museum sector because all you had to do to sound new

Elizabeth Merritt:

and trendy was pick up something that the business community had been doing

Elizabeth Merritt:

for 20 years and say, 'you could do this', and museums would go, awesome.

Elizabeth Merritt:

We could write a strategic plan.

Elizabeth Merritt:

What a concept.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Yes.

Elizabeth Merritt:

But yeah, that doesn't work anymore.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I think if you're looking at the operating environment, we're moving

Elizabeth Merritt:

into two things are top of mind for me that are opportunities for improvement.

Elizabeth Merritt:

One is I think the sector needs to continue an ongoing pivot from teaching

Elizabeth Merritt:

facts to teaching how to think.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So from presenting audiences with a certainty like 'we know this and you

Elizabeth Merritt:

should know it', to actually fostering doubt and curiosity and critical thinking.

Elizabeth Merritt:

One of the basic skills of foresight is recognizing what we can't and don't know

Elizabeth Merritt:

about the future, uh, it's encouraging people to exercise their imagination

Elizabeth Merritt:

to explore many possible futures.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I think the parallel is that museums could take that cone of plausibility

Elizabeth Merritt:

that looks towards the future and pivot it to the other direction, and help

Elizabeth Merritt:

audiences understand how much we don't know about the past, and how, subject to

Elizabeth Merritt:

interpretation and point of view it is.

Elizabeth Merritt:

How we've been wrong about what we thought were established facts, even how different

Elizabeth Merritt:

people in communities may have effectively inhabited different pasts because of

Elizabeth Merritt:

their experience and because of their perspectives and their value systems.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So I think that that's a really important pivot, that we have begun making, but

Elizabeth Merritt:

there's room for continued improvement.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And I think secondly, to go back to the point about leadership that I

Elizabeth Merritt:

made earlier, I think museums should figure out how to make the most of the

Elizabeth Merritt:

freedom that we have as nonprofits to try new organizational structures and

Elizabeth Merritt:

create healthier work environments.

Elizabeth Merritt:

One of my favorite words, this is so geeky, is skew morphism.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Which is a design principle by which the design of a current artifact, whether it's

Elizabeth Merritt:

digital or physical, or a system inherits, the structure of an older system.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So if, you know, if you, I'm looking at my computer and the

Elizabeth Merritt:

save icon is a little floppy disk.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Gen alpha's not even gonna know what that was a, a picture of.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I was just listening to a great podcast about skew morphic systems of healthcare.

Elizabeth Merritt:

In the US, dental insurance is completely separate from health insurance, which

Elizabeth Merritt:

is wacky, it makes no sense because , historically dentists were like not

Elizabeth Merritt:

considered medical professionals.

Elizabeth Merritt:

They were the local barber or the local blacksmith who would pull your tooth.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And because of that historical artifact, we have a dysfunctional

Elizabeth Merritt:

system of healthcare for, for dentistry.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Well, museums have kind of inherited the skew morphic design of for-profit business

Elizabeth Merritt:

hierarchies, and you can argue about whether it's even working for for-profit

Elizabeth Merritt:

businesses, but it's certainly true, that there's no reason as a nonprofit,

Elizabeth Merritt:

that we have to have the same kind of hierarchies or business practices.

Elizabeth Merritt:

At the same time that we're not even able to match for profit salaries.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I think that as a whole, our sector could do a better job of turning our

Elizabeth Merritt:

ability to think about values, not just outwards, how we fulfill our mission, but

Elizabeth Merritt:

inwards, to how we are creating healthy and supportive working environments.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Sometimes that's gonna mean bucking the traditional nonprofit

Elizabeth Merritt:

culture of virtuous poverty.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Museums may find that when they do that, it's actually better business.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Uh, here in the US when the historic site and garden Filoli committed to paying

Elizabeth Merritt:

a living wage, which given where their site is, a pretty high wage, their costs

Elizabeth Merritt:

actually went down because they had better staff retention and they didn't

Elizabeth Merritt:

have all of the loss of institutional knowledge and discontinuities and work.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So it was better for the museum's bottom line, and it was better for the staff.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Sometimes it might mean creating an organizational chart that puts

Elizabeth Merritt:

the, audience at the center, like the daisy diagram that the Oakland

Elizabeth Merritt:

Museum of California did, rather than putting the CEO top on top and

Elizabeth Merritt:

then mapping the stratographic layers of power that go down from there.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So we have a lot of room to experiment.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I think we should do so..

Claire Bown:

So when we are looking ahead, to the next decade.

Claire Bown:

Again as we talked about at the beginning it's very, very difficult to predict

Claire Bown:

the future, but it's always useful to have that foresight, what kind of

Claire Bown:

choices will matter the most for museums?

Elizabeth Merritt:

Okay.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I think that the choices museums have, are choices that are both going to protect

Elizabeth Merritt:

the influence they have and increase the effect they have on the world.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So bear with me.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I'm a data geek and there are many sources of data, decades long showing

Elizabeth Merritt:

that museum's greatest superpower is the power of public trust.

Elizabeth Merritt:

We have decades of data from the US showing that not only are museums

Elizabeth Merritt:

along with libraries, the most trusted institutional sources of information, they

Elizabeth Merritt:

only come in second to friends and family.

Elizabeth Merritt:

That trust is actually going up.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I have 2026 data showing me that trust is going up, even as other levels of

Elizabeth Merritt:

trust in the government are going down.

Elizabeth Merritt:

But I think we have to be aware, we're surrounded by many forces that

Elizabeth Merritt:

could erode that trust in the face of proliferation, of artificial intelligence,

Elizabeth Merritt:

ai, fakes, and misinformation.

Elizabeth Merritt:

How do we make sure that museum content and the museum voice

Elizabeth Merritt:

continues to be authentic and trusted.

Elizabeth Merritt:

In the face of political pressure to censor our content or conform

Elizabeth Merritt:

to particular points of view, how do we show that we're gonna

Elizabeth Merritt:

remain true to our mission and values and to brave truth telling.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Museums matter because they're basically humanity's collective memory.

Elizabeth Merritt:

They're places where we reposit the knowledge and the feelings and

Elizabeth Merritt:

the memories of our communities.

Elizabeth Merritt:

And they're are places that bring people together to experience

Elizabeth Merritt:

and make meaning of that memory.

Elizabeth Merritt:

I believe that this trust in this role gives museums the power to

Elizabeth Merritt:

change the world for the better.

Elizabeth Merritt:

That's my inspiration for doing this work.

Elizabeth Merritt:

So I think going forward we're faced with a lot of threats to maintaining our

Elizabeth Merritt:

trust and staying true to our missions.

Elizabeth Merritt:

But a lot of opportunities because there are a lot of things in the world that

Elizabeth Merritt:

need fixing, and I really do believe we can contribute to those solutions.

Claire Bown:

I think that's a wonderful note to end on.

Claire Bown:

I would love for you just to add how listeners can find out more

Claire Bown:

about you and your work at the Center for the Future of Museums.

Elizabeth Merritt:

Certainly the Center for the Future of Museums is an initiative

Elizabeth Merritt:

of the American Alliance of Museums, and you can find us on the web at aam-us.org.

Elizabeth Merritt:

We are an independent nonprofit, not a government agency.

Claire Bown:

So a huge thank you to Elizabeth Merritt for being a guest on the

Claire Bown:

show and what a conversation to end on.

Claire Bown:

I hope it's given you lots to think about.

Claire Bown:

I promised you a proper thank you at the end.

Claire Bown:

So here it is.

Claire Bown:

Thank you to everyone who has listened to this podcast.

Claire Bown:

Whether you've been here since episode one, or you found it last week,

Claire Bown:

thank you for making it what it is.

Claire Bown:

I genuinely could not have done this without you or your support.

Claire Bown:

Podcasts only exists because people listen.

Claire Bown:

And knowing that there were people in 91 countries tuning in, thinking about these

Claire Bown:

ideas, taking them back into their work in museums and cultural spaces around

Claire Bown:

the world, that has meant so much to me.

Claire Bown:

And if you're new to the podcast or if you've never had a chance

Claire Bown:

to dig into the archives.

Claire Bown:

Please do so.

Claire Bown:

There are 166 episodes in the back catalog covering an enormous range of

Claire Bown:

subjects from slow looking and questioning to facilitation, wellbeing, social

Claire Bown:

connection, leadership, and so much more.

Claire Bown:

It's all there and it's not going anywhere.

Claire Bown:

I am also not disappearing.

Claire Bown:

In June, I'll be running a new live online course designing and facilitating

Claire Bown:

slow looking, and you can find out more about that through my newsletter.

Claire Bown:

Curated, my Substack Adventures in slow Looking, and my

Claire Bown:

website thinkingmuseum.com.

Claire Bown:

And if you'd like to go deeper into the ideas behind the podcast, my book,

Claire Bown:

The Art Engager Reimagining Guided Experiences in Museums is out now.

Claire Bown:

All the links are in the show notes, and as for the podcast we'll see.

Claire Bown:

I'm leaving the door open, but for now, thank you.

Claire Bown:

Take care of yourselves and keep looking slowly.

Claire Bown:

Thank you for listening to The Art Engager podcast With me, Claire Bown.

Claire Bown:

You can find more art engagement resources by visiting my website,

Claire Bown:

thinking museum.com, and you can also find me on Instagram at Thinking

Claire Bown:

Museum, where I regularly share tips and tools on how to bring art

Claire Bown:

to life and engage your audience.

Claire Bown:

If you've enjoyed this episode, please share with others and subscribe to the

Claire Bown:

show on your podcast player of choice.

Claire Bown:

Thank you so much for listening, and I'll see you next time.

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