Embark on a maritime odyssey as we delve into the riveting tale of Ferdinand Magellan, a name synonymous with exploration and the quest for uncharted territories. In this episode of The Remedial Scholar, we navigate through the highs and lows of Magellan's historic expedition, from the strategic departure in Spain to the tumultuous encounters with storms, mutinies, and uncharted waters. Join us in uncovering the fascinating details of Magellan's encounters with diverse cultures, the unexpected challenges faced during the Pacific crossing, and the profound impact of his journey on the course of history. As we sail through the pages of time, witness Magellan's legacy unfold, leaving an indelible mark on the maps of exploration and maritime adventure.

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Ferdinand Magellan sought to do something

no one had been known to have done

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in the history of ocean travel

to the point of his massive journey.

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Just over two decades

after the semi failure of Krissy Colombo

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for the day and had been assigned

a fleet of five ships to go west so far

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that they would end up in the east

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around the world

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in way more than 80 days.F

This task would be the legacy of Magellan,

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and he would never do another,

nor would he even finish this one.

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Only 7% of the original crew

would reach their goal

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with without desertion, detaining

or death.

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It remains a pivotal mission that marked

the moment when the growing influence

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over navigable waters met with one another

in a way that had never been done.

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Who was Magellan?

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Why was he the man

to undertake this mission?

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And how did it fail so spectacularly?

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Today we learn all of that on another

episode of The Remedial Scholar.

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That's ancient history.

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History.

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I feel I was denied

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credit critically.

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I need to know information.

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Information

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belong to the CMC.

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Stop.

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Stop in your remedial class.

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Hello, everyone,

and welcome to the remedial scholar.

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I am Levi and thank you for joining me

today on a massive oceanic adventure.

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Those of you who are returning got a taste

of this topic in the Pirates episode.

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But today we are taking it

to a much more in-depth level.

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If you're new here, welcome.

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You have a lot of fun facts to learn.

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You don't need to listen to this episode

to understand the Pirates

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episode or vice versa, but you can listen

to either one at your leisure.

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I mean, personally, I would recommend

listening to the Pirates one first

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because there's a lot

more historical context that gets placed,

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but this should work in conjunction

with one another so you can learn the max

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amount of facts about ocean travel

and the dangers that come with it.

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If you are new here

and you learn something interesting today.

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Do me a favor.

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Leave me a review or a comment on this

on YouTube or in the Facebook group.

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These are some of the things

that you can do to help improve

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some of the algorithmic devices

that can help others discover the show.

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If you want to take it a step further,

you can check out the merch link for

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that is in the description and available

at the link tree slash remedial scholar.

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You can just type that into Google

and it will be the top item in the search

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so that there's that a lot of fun

designs in the merch store,

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some new ones, the play Freebird shirts,

which are inspired

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by the Singing Revolutions episode.

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Last week's episode

a rousing sounds of freedom

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breaking out at folk festivals

inspired the idea.

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Also, a metal band from the eighties

of the early metal pioneer

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bands that never existed,

like Lithuanian book smugglers.

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These are the new ones

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that I think they're pretty fantastic

and just in time for Christmas.

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So tell your friends.

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All right,

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that's it for any announcements

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or anything front office

related onto the actual content.

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You're here for the hot details

you yearn for.

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All right.

Maybe that that might have been too much.

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Anyway, let's get into it.

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Today will be a bit of a biographical mix

with world context, a dash of world

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building with where the age of sale

was during this time,

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starting with the world at large,

an age of sale to the point where Magellan

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was born and into his career

before going into accomplishments,

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and then the actual circumnavigation

mission and where it all went wrong.

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And we're right.

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Also set at the end of the last episode

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that there was a lot of this

that was cut from the Pirates episode.

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Most of it wasn't included

due to the simple fact

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that I didn't really feel like Magellan

needed to be included as his escapades.

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Specifically, his are not quite

what I would call pirate behavior,

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so I deleted it.

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But the story was so interesting

that I felt that it needed to be told.

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And that's what I'm doing today.

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Resurrecting this from the cutting room

floor to give to you all.

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So I hope you enjoy it.

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So what was the world like before

Magellan entered the pages of history?

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Well, as previously discussed

in the Pirates episode,

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the race was on to get,

you know, get to Asia with a quickness.

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The Portuguese had already decided

to go around the Horn of Africa.

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Spain's decision

was to sail west, to go east,

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which was an idea of insanity

that we imagine.

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We kind of have this

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this perception that they had no idea

what they were doing back then

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and retroactively and incorrectly assigned

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that these people back then

assumed that there was no way to do this.

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People have this misconception

that they were looking for

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the end of the world,

but really what they were doing

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was looking to find

what land was in the way.

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If any.

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Unchartered waters

is a bit of an understatement

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in this endeavor,

because up until this point,

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nobody had really decided just to sail

straight out into the open ocean.

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There's a lot of coastal

sailing, hugging coasts

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and keeping far out enough from the coast

that you're not going to get caught

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by lake reefs and things like that,

but not that far into the ocean itself.

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And also you could get the stronger winds

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that were out a little deeper

into the end of the ocean.

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We'll talk about the insanity

of going into the open ocean later on.

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But I just wanted to highlight where

everyone was at their sailing missions

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at this point.

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But this was the so-called age

of exhilaration in the eyes of the people

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that hadn't been in those places.

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But obviously, you know,

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people lived in those places

just just a little bit different.

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had kind of

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put the brakes on England

and their Oceanic travels.

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They had some internal work to do.

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Portuguese really had a monopoly

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on trade route

to Asia, setting up bases around Africa.

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And while that was successful, the Dutch

and the French kind of followed suit,

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basically just risking that they weren't

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going to get caught by the Portuguese at

that point and doing the exact same thing.

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The main goal was to get, you

know, trade flowing, but bulk of it was

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truly was spices, which is kind of funny

to think about it being so valuable

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that it was nothing like pepper per

pound was worth more than two days

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worth of work and cloves in the same way

it was up to worth up to five days of work

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for one medieval craftsman

and one source I found and another source

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I found that certain spices can be double

their weight in gold,

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which is kind of insane.

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So what made them so expensive?

Well, short answer.

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And the answer given to the consumers

was that it was hard to come by.

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Was this particularly true that slightly

the main issue was that it was far away

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and for the general population

who didn't have a ship, it a super faraway

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ship, travel was somewhat difficult.

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But once the routes had been established

and you kind of had bases along the way,

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port cities

that you could dump off and resupply,

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it got to be a little bit easier.

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I mean, it's obviously

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still dangerous today,

but at the time it was pretty dangerous,

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all things considered, before they began

to transport the spices via ships.

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Biggest method was trading

with the middlemen in the Middle East.

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Falcons, Stanton, Opal and the Byzantine

Empire also led to the failure

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to maintain trade routes to Europe,

which had all but eliminated,

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had all been but eliminated

when Ottoman Empire took over.

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when the maritime traders had claimed

to be able to lower the cost of spices

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by traveling directly to the sources,

many were thrilled at this idea.

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I have to imagine

that the crown of Portugal saw

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some decent tax money in their future

from importing these spices.

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So as spices began to flow through

the ocean highways, the Portuguese traders

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kept the same markups

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and justified this as the cost

to the difficulties in harvesting them.

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They were making money hand over fist,

and this made one made.

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Other countries

want to do something similar.

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And one other country

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that rivaled the Portuguese at the time

was that of the Spanish.

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The Spanish soon had begun

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to fund an operation

involving one man, Christopher Columbus.

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he would take a group of ships

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across the Atlantic,

hugging a more northern route to catch

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what is known as trade winds, known

as the Easter leaves, as well.

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And they navigate from the northeast.

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There are also

some winds called the westerlies.

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And I'm going to guess you can figure out

on your own where are those go?

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So using these different variations

of winds, Columbus set across

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the Atlantic, landing in the Bahamas,

and we all know how that went.

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We don't submit it for topic suggestion,

and we will get to the bottom of it

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together again, to emphasize

this mission was to find a route

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that Spain could utilize that was free

from the Portuguese Horn of Africa route.

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The Columbus also just had an interest

in exploring and love for Asia

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that he learned from studying

on Marco Polo, one of his kind of idols.

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Either way, Columbus does his thing,

and now people know that it isn't just

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an insanely vast open ocean straight

across Asia, that there's land there.

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Kind of.

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Columbus did adamantly denied

that this was a new place

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pretty much up until his death.

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You know, obviously not true,

but he just didn't want to be wrong

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so bad that he's like, this is this is

the indies, this is Asia, I'm telling you.

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Like,

you don't know. It turns out he's wrong.

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So how's that?

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Two years after Columbus, his maiden

voyage, Spain and Portugal signed a treaty

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to declare who had the right over

which chunks of the ocean argument over

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how weird it is to have a declaration over

large portions of the entire world

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that allows people who don't even speak

your language is a little bit funny.

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But that's not really

the purpose of this episode.

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So they had signed this deal.

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Spain and Portugal brokered a deal

that gave Portugal control over

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what was the oceans around

Europe and Africa

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and the known portions of Asia,

while the rest was left to Spain.

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I don't know who lobbied

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for this on the behalf of Portugal,

but it seems very unfair

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to the Spanish like,

okay, okay, we'll make a deal with you.

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But we get all of the water around all of

the places that we already know exist.

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And you you can have the stuff that we

don't know for sure if it exists or not.

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Granted, they did essentially

get the new world wholesale minus

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a chunk of Brazil, but the goal

or the desire was to have access

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to where spices were and no way to know

what spices were in the unnamed Americas.

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So that's essentially

the climate of the world,

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trying to figure out ways to profit off

of a bargain sections of the ocean.

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And one man believes

that despite the fractured waters,

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either country could capitalize

on heading west to reach the east.

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So it's time to meet the man right now

Ferdinand Magellan, born four. Now.

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MARGOLIS 12 years before

Columbus would venture across

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the Atlantic to Ruy and Alder,

those were his parents.

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family of Portugal, with his father

being the sheriff of the Port of Aveiro

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make sense why he would be into ships

and traveling and all those things.

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Later on.

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Dad patrolling a bustling port

probably made it pretty easy

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to be intrigued by the wooden hulks

bouncing along the horizon.

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Not much is

known about his early childhood,

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but I do know that by the age of 12

he was sent to be a page

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for the Queen of Portugal,

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and then with Manuel,

the first who reigned after his job came

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with some perks,

which included the very best of education

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that he could have the opportunity for

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at that point in time, being trained

for navigation, astronomy, mathematics,

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especially those those ones,

especially the activities of

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being the Queen's page range

pretty drastically anything

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from being a servant to an assistant

or even like a messenger.

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It sounds like he was just Anne Hathaway

and The Devil Wears Prada.

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Maybe not,

but it's fun to imagine 16th century

00;10;39;29 - 00;10;41;23

Portuguese royalty as Meryl Streep.

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Also interesting to note

that the very same year Columbus was doing

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his thing, Magellan was only beginning

his formal education

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and working for the Queen

as what it was essentially just a steward.

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military becoming a part of a fleet run

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by Francisco de Almeida, who is in charge

of keeping the Indian waters in check.

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This fleet would engage in patrols

along the east coast of Africa

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in the Indian Ocean, and essentially

secure Portuguese interests in the area.

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Almeida had gained some fame

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in some battles against the Moors,

who were the Muslim counterparts

00;11;14;21 - 00;11;18;18

of the Christians in the south Western

Europe and Mediterranean areas.

00;11;18;18 - 00;11;22;03

Following the success of Almeida

in those efforts, Manuel had declared him

00;11;22;03 - 00;11;26;03

the viceroy of some recent acquisitions

of the expanding Portuguese empire.

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His promotion came at the same time

Magellan had been assigned to the fleets.

00;11;29;24 - 00;11;33;20

Fleet itself was 21 ships,

which, as I mentioned, covered the areas

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between the Cape of Good Hope,

which is the southernmost point of Africa

00;11;38;12 - 00;11;42;20

and the Indian Ocean, and just kind of a

little bit outside that range, I suppose.

00;11;42;20 - 00;11;45;22

I mean, it probably varied

from day to day, but they had taken

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into attacking several places

in this region during this tenure,

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which would include location in modern day

Tanzania and also Mombasa.

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Its fleet was also responsible

for furthering further expanding the forts

00;11;57;25 - 00;12;00;27

along the eastern coast of Africa

and even defeated the combined

00;12;00;27 - 00;12;02;11

coalition fleet of Egyptians

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and other Arabian countries in the war

between the good God variety

00;12;06;19 - 00;12;10;14

Egyptian forces and the Portuguese,

00;12;10;20 - 00;12;14;01

They also burned down

some of their villages and things as well.

00;12;14;01 - 00;12;17;20

Through Almeida,

a treaty was brokered with the Malacca,

00;12;17;22 - 00;12;21;08

which enabled further exploration

in these waters due to the strategic

00;12;21;16 - 00;12;25;02

position of in the Malaysian Peninsula

would be in this location

00;12;25;02 - 00;12;28;20

where Magellan would purchase a slave

who he would name Enrique.

00;12;28;20 - 00;12;30;21

Enrique spoke Malays and was from

00;12;30;21 - 00;12;34;17

and from the Indonesian region

or maybe actually from Malacca.

00;12;34;17 - 00;12;35;19

It's kind of disputed.

00;12;35;19 - 00;12;39;02

Enrique would be his pseudo

guide in the future, and I have to imagine

00;12;39;02 - 00;12;43;10

that he was kind of banking on that

at the time, planning on bringing in local

00;12;43;16 - 00;12;46;15

a local of the region to be an interpreter

when he eventually

00;12;46;15 - 00;12;49;29

made his voyage,

plenty of action on behalf of the fleet.

00;12;50;02 - 00;12;51;20

He was signed to what happened.

00;12;51;20 - 00;12;55;01

But whether or not Magellan was part of

all of that is not known.

00;12;55;01 - 00;12;55;21

But I would say

00;12;55;21 - 00;12;59;17

spending his time in this fleet probably

gave him a healthy amount of wanderlust.

00;12;59;17 - 00;13;01;24

Magellan

did participate in the aforementioned war

00;13;01;24 - 00;13;05;21

against the Gujarat Egyptian forces

during this time and was assisted

00;13;05;21 - 00;13;09;21

and assisted with the conquest

00;13;09;21 - 00;13;12;23

Two years later, Ferdinand

the bull was on the move once again.

00;13;12;24 - 00;13;17;10

Taking his leave back to Portugal, he

began acting in an expeditionary manner,

00;13;17;10 - 00;13;21;04

fighting in a battle that would leave him

scarred for the remainder of his life.

00;13;21;04 - 00;13;24;22

The battle of As Amore and Morocco was one

where Magellan found himself

00;13;24;22 - 00;13;28;03

essentially pressed into service

for the Portuguese crown once more.

00;13;28;04 - 00;13;31;03

Magellan's own brother

was also allegedly involved.

00;13;31;06 - 00;13;32;25

I don't think I've ever explained it

00;13;32;25 - 00;13;36;14

in any of the episodes,

but since it mentioned him being pressed

00;13;36;21 - 00;13;39;16

into military service,

I'm going to explain that pressing,

00;13;39;16 - 00;13;43;05

being pressed into service

is not the same rock stacking torture game

00;13;43;05 - 00;13;46;05

employed by the Puritans

against the OG big Man on campus.

00;13;46;12 - 00;13;51;07

Mr. Giles Corey, Pressing

or impress me is a military servitude

00;13;51;07 - 00;13;54;15

to win as could be done

a couple of different ways.

00;13;54;16 - 00;13;58;05

Most common was just get a bunch of dudes

at the pub nearest to the poor,

00;13;58;06 - 00;13;59;23

get them really hammered,

00;13;59;23 - 00;14;01;23

and then while they're basically

in blackout mode,

00;14;01;23 - 00;14;04;04

bring them on to the ship

and then set sail.

00;14;04;04 - 00;14;07;03

They wake

up, bam, free sailors, instant profit.

00;14;07;03 - 00;14;09;19

Or you could just take them at gunpoint

and held them hostage.

00;14;09;19 - 00;14;13;18

Or when you capture a vessel

that they're on, you basically

00;14;13;18 - 00;14;15;04

just make them part of your crew.

00;14;15;04 - 00;14;18;01

Those are some of the thing

was the big practice in the 16th century.

00;14;18;01 - 00;14;19;21

But the British Royal Navy,

00;14;19;21 - 00;14;23;03

they essentially perfected it

later on closer to the 19th century,

00;14;23;03 - 00;14;26;06

especially during the Napoleonic wars

and in the Revolutionary War.

00;14;26;09 - 00;14;30;03

Penalty for resisting

pressing was as much fun as the rest of it

00;14;30;06 - 00;14;33;24

and the rest of the penalties

at that time really is hanging.

00;14;33;24 - 00;14;37;11

There's also an amazing song called Press

Gang by the Murder City Devils

00;14;37;11 - 00;14;40;22

that is on a regular rotation for me

on my gym playlist.

00;14;40;22 - 00;14;41;25

It's not superimposed written,

00;14;41;25 - 00;14;44;07

but the song is about a man

who is reflecting on someone

00;14;44;07 - 00;14;47;18

he knows who was pressed into service

and killed for trying to escape.

00;14;47;18 - 00;14;51;12

the battle of Bazemore commenced.

00;14;51;14 - 00;14;55;09

The Portuguese had been assembled as

a show of force on behalf of King Manuel.

00;14;55;09 - 00;14;58;29

The first there was a pretty substantial

force put together for this show.

00;14;58;29 - 00;15;01;24

Portugal had been making some real money

fat stacks,

00;15;01;24 - 00;15;04;04

you might say,

and now they had the money to pay

00;15;04;04 - 00;15;07;23

soldiers more and pay for more ships

by more horses, that kind of thing.

00;15;08;00 - 00;15;10;17

Better armor, weapons,

just totally balling out.

00;15;10;17 - 00;15;12;21

So when the alternative

as a more had given

00;15;12;21 - 00;15;16;17

even the slightest reason for King Manny

to drop the hammer, that's that's exactly

00;15;16;17 - 00;15;17;16

what happened as a more

00;15;17;16 - 00;15;21;23

is on the western coast of Morocco in

about an hour and change from Casablanca.

00;15;21;23 - 00;15;25;08

So here's looking to you as a more

the wild city was no sneezing conquest,

00;15;25;08 - 00;15;29;07

but with the Portuguese superior numbers,

it was only a matter of time before.

00;15;29;09 - 00;15;31;25

For all the fault.

Unfortunately for our topic today.

00;15;31;25 - 00;15;34;00

For today

I had a series of unfortunate events

00;15;34;00 - 00;15;36;08

which could just

summarize his entire life.

00;15;36;08 - 00;15;40;28

But for all the gallivanting in the indies

fighting and securing

00;15;40;29 - 00;15;41;29

trade for Portugal,

00;15;41;29 - 00;15;46;02

in Asia and around Africa, he was paid

super handsomely, as one might imagine.

00;15;46;03 - 00;15;47;12

While he certainly made money,

00;15;47;12 - 00;15;50;28

he also chose to invest it boldly

and through that investment.

00;15;50;28 - 00;15;52;10

It lost a lot of it.

00;15;52;10 - 00;15;56;07

On top of that, his horse was killed

in that battle of ASA bore,

00;15;56;07 - 00;16;00;17

and it took Lance directly,

which is, you know, never a good day.

00;16;00;20 - 00;16;04;09

He himself also took a shot in the knee,

which is kind of funny to think about

00;16;04;09 - 00;16;05;13

if you have ever played the game.

00;16;05;13 - 00;16;08;14

Skyrim, essentially, and PC guards

will just say random things to you

00;16;08;14 - 00;16;09;14

as you walk around.

00;16;09;14 - 00;16;10;20

And one of the things that they say

00;16;10;20 - 00;16;14;00

is, I used to be an adventurer like you

until I took an arrow in the knee.

00;16;14;00 - 00;16;16;14

The context in the game

is that the guard can no longer be

00;16;16;14 - 00;16;19;20

a cool, awesome adventurer

because he got shot in the knee.

00;16;19;20 - 00;16;22;08

And so now, you know, basically

just stuck being a guard.

00;16;22;08 - 00;16;25;18

I always kind of wondered why he's allowed

to be a guard if he's got a bum knee.

00;16;25;18 - 00;16;29;01

But anyway, I have seen memes

and things that say that Old Norse,

00;16;29;01 - 00;16;33;03

Scandinavian traditions

is what this points to.

00;16;33;03 - 00;16;36;03

You know, this phrase is a way for them

to say that they got married.

00;16;36;03 - 00;16;38;17

Since you kneel for proposals

and things like that.

00;16;38;17 - 00;16;39;19

And if you're one of the people

00;16;39;19 - 00;16;44;28

that was like, heck yeah, dude, that's

I remember that got some bad news.

00;16;45;00 - 00;16;47;11

Anybody

who's ever shared these kind of means

00;16;47;11 - 00;16;50;23

without any due diligence,

I'm guessing, is probably a number of you.

00;16;50;23 - 00;16;51;14

But that's okay.

00;16;51;14 - 00;16;54;23

We like learning and being proven wrong,

so we know in the future

00;16;54;25 - 00;16;55;24

when we are wrong,

00;16;55;24 - 00;16;57;20

there's no real connection

between that phrase

00;16;57;20 - 00;17;01;00

and the process of marriage

in Scandinavian, Norse or anything else.

00;17;01;01 - 00;17;04;15

I mean, if you wanted to make it canon for

your Skyrim playthrough, go right ahead.

00;17;04;15 - 00;17;05;21

But it's not a real thing.

00;17;05;21 - 00;17;08;29

I'm sorry to burst any bubbles,

but you are welcome for the fun facts.

00;17;08;29 - 00;17;12;00

So anyway, rent aside,

why is that ironic, you might ask?

00;17;12;00 - 00;17;15;02

Well, because the guard no longer

wanting to be an adventure

00;17;15;02 - 00;17;18;14

because he got hit in the knee

while Magellan, a very famous adventurer,

00;17;18;15 - 00;17;21;19

gets hit in the knee and proceeds

to partake in a very famous adventure.

00;17;21;20 - 00;17;24;16

But people are still talking about,

you know, 500 light years ahead.

00;17;24;16 - 00;17;26;23

So now we have 40 boy injured,

00;17;26;23 - 00;17;29;10

which will leave him with a limp

for the remainder of his life.

00;17;29;10 - 00;17;33;01

He's 33 by this time, and things are going

kind of downhill from there.

00;17;33;03 - 00;17;34;17

Following the battle in Morocco,

00;17;34;17 - 00;17;36;21

he was also accused

of trading with the Moors.

00;17;36;21 - 00;17;39;24

And this was a major slide against

the Christian based Portuguese crown.

00;17;39;24 - 00;17;43;17

Top of that, he took leave from his post

that was unauthorized in nature,

00;17;43;17 - 00;17;47;10

and that kind of continued his downward

spiral after returning to Portugal

00;17;47;13 - 00;17;50;18

Magellan asked for a raise

00;17;50;18 - 00;17;53;23

as he was now plotting to gain

funding for his real vision.

00;17;53;23 - 00;17;57;03

Believed that there was another route

in which the Portuguese could use reach

00;17;57;03 - 00;18;00;24

the Indies faster than they currently did

by using the path Columbus took

00;18;00;24 - 00;18;04;16

and then sailing south to find a strait

cut through what is now South America

00;18;04;16 - 00;18;08;00

and cut across the body of water

that inevitably lay on the other side.

00;18;08;00 - 00;18;09;24

Or Columbus had landed in the Bahamas.

00;18;09;24 - 00;18;13;26

He himself never stepped foot on American

soil, and while his other ships did find

00;18;13;26 - 00;18;15;09

the land that would make up Central

00;18;15;09 - 00;18;19;07

America, no, no real idea was had to

how far south this land went.

00;18;19;07 - 00;18;20;22

Magellan was very determined

00;18;20;22 - 00;18;23;27

that there was a strait

that cut across some of the landmass

00;18;23;27 - 00;18;24;27

and that it would just be

00;18;24;27 - 00;18;28;23

on the other side of the body of water

that lie on the opposite end of where

00;18;28;23 - 00;18;29;22

the indies work.

00;18;29;22 - 00;18;32;29

So he petitioned and petitioned

and petitioned for a raise and

00;18;32;29 - 00;18;36;16

a contract and all the things

that you might need, anything, something.

00;18;36;16 - 00;18;38;05

He was adamant that this was the way,

00;18;38;05 - 00;18;41;19

but because of his troubles

with the Portuguese crown in a way that

00;18;41;22 - 00;18;45;19

in way of his supposed dealings

with the Moors and going away from duty,

00;18;45;21 - 00;18;49;11

this was not an expedition that Manuel

felt that he needed to invest in.

00;18;49;11 - 00;18;50;26

He also had a good route already.

00;18;50;26 - 00;18;52;02

Why would he need to engage

00;18;52;02 - 00;18;55;24

in a potentially treaty breaking action

of sailing into the lands and waters

00;18;55;24 - 00;18;59;01

that the Spanish had been given via

their treaty of tours To see it?

00;18;59;02 - 00;19;01;18

Ferdinand was not about to give up,

and he knew that

00;19;01;18 - 00;19;03;25

if anyone would take the deal,

it would be the Spanish.

00;19;03;25 - 00;19;07;03

Also, in a weird turn of events

that I would not have predicted

00;19;07;03 - 00;19;08;28

until I read this stuff.

But it makes sense.

00;19;08;28 - 00;19;12;04

Looking at the entire context

is that the King of Portugal told Magellan

00;19;12;04 - 00;19;15;29

that no one last time, but told him

that he would probably have better luck

00;19;15;29 - 00;19;19;12

asking the Spanish, looking at it

without any context kind of sounds crazy.

00;19;19;14 - 00;19;22;11

The king of one, Blaise is telling

you go to his direct competitor

00;19;22;11 - 00;19;24;11

with some potentially

big moneymaking route.

00;19;24;11 - 00;19;26;10

You could argue that it's

because the Portuguese already

00;19;26;10 - 00;19;27;16

controlled one major route

00;19;27;16 - 00;19;31;00

and there was no real reason

for him to accept it and that he didn't

00;19;31;00 - 00;19;34;09

fear losing any money due

to their presence in Asia and Indonesia.

00;19;34;09 - 00;19;35;06

That all make sense.

00;19;35;06 - 00;19;36;19

But then when you take into account

00;19;36;19 - 00;19;40;13

that Ferdinand worked for King Manuel

in his first years as a king,

00;19;40;14 - 00;19;43;21

they probably knew Magellan pretty well

because because of this,

00;19;43;21 - 00;19;46;23

he was given, you know,

giving his long time friend a fair shot.

00;19;46;24 - 00;19;49;24

So the guidance of Manuel for that ended

just that.

00;19;49;24 - 00;19;52;14

There's worked in favor with

the King of Spain was planning as well,

00;19;52;14 - 00;19;56;10

since they clearly needed to figure

something out to complete to compete with

00;19;56;10 - 00;20;00;10

Portugal Magellan was a company with a few

other Portuguese Explorer types.

00;20;00;10 - 00;20;03;20

When they met with Charles,

00;20;03;21 - 00;20;07;29

they would then swear allegiance over

to Spain from Portugal, and that is also

00;20;07;29 - 00;20;12;10

what inspired his name change

going from the very Portuguese sounding

00;20;12;16 - 00;20;16;23

for now the Margulis to Fernando,

the megaliths

00;20;16;23 - 00;20;20;17

few centuries of whitewashing later

and we get Ferdinand Magellan.

00;20;20;24 - 00;20;23;24

So if you're curious

about how that happened now you're not.

00;20;23;24 - 00;20;27;20

The plane itself was a really simple

and I have kind of discussed it lightly

00;20;27;20 - 00;20;31;15

here, but there were plenty of people

who had surmised that if you sail west

00;20;31;15 - 00;20;35;22

and cut through terra firma, the province

in which was founded on

00;20;35;24 - 00;20;40;03

you would eventually find an inlet

00;20;40;10 - 00;20;43;08

that you could cut through

and this would be his route.

00;20;43;08 - 00;20;47;17

Nobody had traveled so far

down to locate such in letters strait, but

00;20;47;19 - 00;20;50;15

they soon had the funding of the Spanish

crown, and that was, you know,

00;20;50;15 - 00;20;53;15

the push that they needed

to actually get this thing going.

00;20;53;16 - 00;20;56;14

Honestly,

Spain was the best bet for a few reasons.

00;20;56;14 - 00;20;57;26

Aside from the desperation

00;20;57;26 - 00;21;00;13

to compete with Portugal,

they had history on their side.

00;21;00;13 - 00;21;01;10

What do I mean by that?

00;21;01;10 - 00;21;05;03

Well, young Charles the first was actually

the grandson of Isabella,

00;21;05;03 - 00;21;06;25

who had given Columbus his big break,

00;21;06;25 - 00;21;10;14

and he was ready to do something

that would make him equally famous.

00;21;10;16 - 00;21;14;13

Now, this is kind of amusing

because how many of you know

00;21;14;15 - 00;21;16;15

exactly who Christopher Columbus is?

00;21;16;15 - 00;21;19;20

I mean, less of you probably know who

Magellan is, but I'm assuming

00;21;19;20 - 00;21;23;24

not many of you know who Queen

Isabella or King Charles the first were.

00;21;23;26 - 00;21;27;06

I'm sure this changes when you get out

of the United States educational system.

00;21;27;06 - 00;21;29;05

But unless you were actively

learning about history,

00;21;29;05 - 00;21;32;14

you wouldn't recognize their names, aside

from being able to put together

00;21;32;14 - 00;21;35;15

that they were probably royalty

in the medieval times, as

00;21;35;15 - 00;21;39;16

now also not super important,

but kind of interesting in my opinion.

00;21;39;16 - 00;21;41;20

So Magellan

set out to prove essentially that

00;21;41;20 - 00;21;42;27

not only was there a route

00;21;42;27 - 00;21;45;13

Spain could take

that wasn't touching Portugal's route

00;21;45;13 - 00;21;49;02

as laid out by the Treaty of Tours

to see us, but that the Spice Islands

00;21;49;02 - 00;21;52;14

were in route to was actually technically

00;21;52;14 - 00;21;55;19

in the west sphere of influence

and does belong to Spain.

00;21;55;19 - 00;21;59;01

You know, not knowing where the closed

end of the globe was,

00;21;59;02 - 00;22;02;27

it was easy for Portugal to go, Well,

that's ours because we can go east

00;22;02;27 - 00;22;04;06

and then bam, we land it.

00;22;04;06 - 00;22;07;07

But if it's actually closer

going to the west

00;22;07;08 - 00;22;10;11

and finding it, then technically

it would be on Spain's side, right?

00;22;10;11 - 00;22;13;20

officially received

00;22;13;20 - 00;22;17;01

the charter to get his expedition

off the ground or in the water.

00;22;17;01 - 00;22;21;03

A crew of more than 270 men was assembled,

five ships prepared,

00;22;21;10 - 00;22;25;04

and some of the best cartographers,

navigators, to join him on his voyage.

00;22;25;04 - 00;22;28;29

Before we get to the actual trip,

I want to rehash the insanity that it is

00;22;29;05 - 00;22;33;05

the idea to cross Ocean at this time

and some of the things that could occur

00;22;33;06 - 00;22;35;13

during these trips,

as well as give a brief overview

00;22;35;13 - 00;22;37;22

of the types of ships

that were used on the voyage.

00;22;37;22 - 00;22;40;08

If you listen to the Pirates episode,

this is going to be a refresher.

00;22;40;08 - 00;22;44;04

But I think it's important to keep in mind

the impressive feats accomplished

00;22;44;04 - 00;22;46;15

by these explorers,

given with what they had.

00;22;46;15 - 00;22;50;19

Crossing the open

ocean is just kind of insane to consider.

00;22;50;19 - 00;22;53;23

Have crossed it in a sideways skyscraper

and the even

00;22;53;23 - 00;22;57;11

with that sheer mass, the blue

yellow shifted that thing with ease.

00;22;57;14 - 00;22;59;20

It wasn't like insane,

like capsizing levels,

00;22;59;20 - 00;23;03;01

but it was enough to make you respect

the hell out of it is not lost on me.

00;23;03;01 - 00;23;04;06

Why so many coastal

00;23;04;06 - 00;23;08;00

cultures have reverence for the water

and the gods that may control it.

00;23;08;00 - 00;23;11;01

It wasn't always obvious to me

as I grew up in a triple,

00;23;11;02 - 00;23;14;17

maybe even quadruple landlocked state,

depending on if you count only

00;23;14;17 - 00;23;19;02

the United States or if you include Canada

and Mexico and their subsequent states.

00;23;19;02 - 00;23;23;18

So I didn't see the ocean in person

until 18, and I still haven't been inside.

00;23;23;18 - 00;23;27;22

I've lived above it, but never has

my skin touched any ocean body of water.

00;23;27;25 - 00;23;28;14

So there's that.

00;23;28;14 - 00;23;32;02

Basically what I'm trying to say

is the ocean's big, really big.

00;23;32;09 - 00;23;37;03

You just won't believe how vastly,

hugely mind bogglingly big it is.

00;23;37;05 - 00;23;38;08

At flat elevation.

00;23;38;08 - 00;23;41;16

The human eye can only see around

three miles ahead from the western

00;23;41;16 - 00;23;44;20

coast of North Africa to North America.

00;23;44;20 - 00;23;46;07

00;23;46;07 - 00;23;47;13

That's massive.

00;23;47;13 - 00;23;50;28

The food, water, all of it

is very difficult to make it last.

00;23;50;28 - 00;23;52;25

That entire trip I took, Columbus

00;23;52;25 - 00;23;57;02

and his expedition five weeks

from the Canary Islands to the Bahamas,

00;23;57;04 - 00;23;58;22

just to kind of give you some insight

00;23;58;22 - 00;24;02;05

of how potentially long

it took the food stored on board.

00;24;02;08 - 00;24;05;12

Are also something very like

they're not great.

00;24;05;12 - 00;24;06;13

It's usually simple.

00;24;06;13 - 00;24;09;15

Salted meats and hardtack

are probably the most common.

00;24;09;15 - 00;24;12;17

Hardtack is also sometimes referred as sea

biscuits.

00;24;12;17 - 00;24;17;11

It consists of flour, water, salt and can

stay preserved for long periods of time.

00;24;17;11 - 00;24;19;07

But also it's super hard.

00;24;19;07 - 00;24;22;17

The trick is to soak it in water,

break it into chunks and dip it into water

00;24;22;17 - 00;24;26;22

beer or lose your teeth by biting into it

to have fresh water on the boat.

00;24;26;22 - 00;24;29;26

There was a few methods that worked

especially well, the most standard

00;24;29;26 - 00;24;34;09

being just having the casks

of water store or Asterix.

00;24;34;09 - 00;24;37;00

But you could also collect rainfall

from the sails.

00;24;37;00 - 00;24;40;10

You could whole you could have sheep pelt

collect water vapor.

00;24;40;10 - 00;24;44;09

But typically, as I mentioned,

it's just casks of drinkable liquids.

00;24;44;11 - 00;24;46;19

The use of the word

liquid here is purposeful

00;24;46;19 - 00;24;49;09

since they often had a weak beer

or alcohols

00;24;49;09 - 00;24;52;17

that they consumed instead of water,

as it would keep longer

00;24;52;17 - 00;24;55;17

and also was resistant

to different types of bacteria.

00;24;55;17 - 00;24;57;26

And fresh water

was kind of a mixed bag at the time.

00;24;57;26 - 00;24;59;20

Anyway. Hello, Dysentery.

00;24;59;20 - 00;25;02;04

The beer was relatively weak

so that they would,

00;25;02;04 - 00;25;05;28

you know, not be belligerent constantly

and you needed your wits about you

00;25;05;28 - 00;25;07;15

at all times on the open ocean.

00;25;07;15 - 00;25;09;13

There's also a phenomenon, you know,

00;25;09;13 - 00;25;13;04

that you could get into called doldrums,

which was where there was no inns.

00;25;13;04 - 00;25;16;21

You just sat stagnancy

waiting for a breeze to come through.

00;25;16;21 - 00;25;19;21

You have to maneuver around the wind

to get anywhere, and it's

00;25;19;22 - 00;25;23;21

always a difficult task

to kind of navigate in some circumstances.

00;25;23;23 - 00;25;25;15

So these are some of the main reasons why

00;25;25;15 - 00;25;28;26

I think it was not common occurrence

until so much later.

00;25;28;26 - 00;25;30;01

Without that laid out.

00;25;30;01 - 00;25;32;29

Let's get an idea of the crew numbers

and the ships and so on.

00;25;32;29 - 00;25;36;07

Like I said, they're five ships in total,

each a carrier style ship.

00;25;36;07 - 00;25;38;04

If you remember from the Pirates episode,

the carrier

00;25;38;04 - 00;25;42;12

consisted of a large, sturdy ship

with a high rounded,

00;25;42;12 - 00;25;46;16

stern, broad beams, three or four mass,

depending on the size.

00;25;46;16 - 00;25;50;08

These mass supported a variety of sails,

including the iconic like guillotine

00;25;50;08 - 00;25;52;10

sails on the aft masts.

00;25;52;10 - 00;25;55;02

Now what set the carrier apart from up

from its

00;25;55;02 - 00;25;56;22

seafaring counterparts of the time?

00;25;56;22 - 00;25;58;16

Well, it's a bit of a multi-tasker.

00;25;58;16 - 00;26;01;13

The carrier was kind of like the Swiss

Army knife of ships

00;26;01;13 - 00;26;05;08

could handle long ocean voyage,

carry hefty cargo, and still be nimble

00;26;05;08 - 00;26;06;18

enough for naval action.

00;26;06;18 - 00;26;09;03

Its design struck

a balance between cargo capacity

00;26;09;03 - 00;26;12;26

and seaworthiness, making it perfect

for exploration and trade.

00;26;12;26 - 00;26;14;00

The Carrick's ability

00;26;14;00 - 00;26;18;02

to carry a substantial amount of cargo

was was the game changer.

00;26;18;02 - 00;26;18;23

Its large

00;26;18;23 - 00;26;19;20

hold allowed

00;26;19;20 - 00;26;23;06

for the transportation of goods,

which was obviously crucial during an era

00;26;23;06 - 00;26;26;12

when trade routes were expanding

and new lands were being discovered.

00;26;26;13 - 00;26;29;26

This design was particularly popular

among other explorers

00;26;29;26 - 00;26;33;26

like Columbus and Vasco da Gama

during the 15th and 16th centuries.

00;26;34;02 - 00;26;37;26

Now, the ships were the Trinidad

who was captained by the man

00;26;37;26 - 00;26;41;27

himself, Magellan San Antonio,

captained by Juan de Cartagena.

00;26;41;28 - 00;26;46;06

The conception captained by Gaspar

Calzada, Santiago captained

00;26;46;06 - 00;26;51;13

by one Serrano, and the Victoria,

who was captained by Louis Mendoza.

00;26;51;16 - 00;26;52;07

The Trinidad had

00;26;52;07 - 00;26;56;18

the largest of the crews was 62,

and Santiago had the smallest with the 33.

00;26;56;18 - 00;26;59;25

But it wasn't the smallest ship

that would actually go to the Victoria.

00;26;59;25 - 00;27;03;01

As mentioned,

there are 270 men amongst all of them.

00;27;03;01 - 00;27;05;28

Some had joined

after a quick stop in Tenerife,

00;27;05;28 - 00;27;08;29

the crew largely multicultural,

featuring many Portuguese,

00;27;08;29 - 00;27;12;17

which makes sense because Magellan

was actually Portuguese, but also you had

00;27;12;17 - 00;27;15;17

Greeks, Irish, English,

Asian, African, French

00;27;15;17 - 00;27;19;22

and of course Spanish people,

even a couple northern Scandinavians.

00;27;19;24 - 00;27;23;00

The crew had a change up

before the voyage as well.

00;27;23;00 - 00;27;26;04

Rui Faleiro, who helped to pitch

the voyage to the gang,

00;27;26;04 - 00;27;29;04

developed some mental illnesses

before the trip and was removed.

00;27;29;04 - 00;27;33;03

That the request the king

and I have to wonder if he was relieved.

00;27;33;03 - 00;27;37;15

After all, it is impossible to know

because he was seriously troubled.

00;27;37;15 - 00;27;38;02

But, you know,

00;27;38;02 - 00;27;41;25

he had gone from being a co-captain

of this expedition to being left behind.

00;27;41;25 - 00;27;45;10

Now, he had personally created

one fourth of the charts that were used

00;27;45;10 - 00;27;48;12

on the voyage,

and the crew was using his tools as well.

00;27;48;12 - 00;27;49;05

In his absence.

00;27;49;05 - 00;27;51;27

So anyway, that's a major

bulk of this bid.

00;27;51;27 - 00;27;53;18

So let's get into the actual voyage.

00;27;53;18 - 00;27;56;17

Ferdinand Magellan's fleet,

00;27;56;17 - 00;27;59;23

comprising of five shipped,

embarked on a historic journey.

00;27;59;23 - 00;28;00;21

You know, they

00;28;00;21 - 00;28;05;01

they set sail, they departed from Seville,

and then they traveled down a river.

00;28;05;01 - 00;28;07;09

And until reaching the coastal

town of San Luca,

00;28;07;09 - 00;28;11;05

they did happen to stay in San Luca,

probably more than they should have.

00;28;11;05 - 00;28;14;24

They stayed there for five weeks, but

they, you know, were preparing for that.

00;28;14;24 - 00;28;17;24

00;28;17;25 - 00;28;21;07

officially left

like not just the kind of arsenal start.

00;28;21;09 - 00;28;22;08

They actually left.

00;28;22;08 - 00;28;24;02

They left from Spain

to the Canary Islands,

00;28;24;02 - 00;28;27;15

and that would be their final jumping off

point before going across the ocean

00;28;27;15 - 00;28;32;06

on September 26, they halted at Tenerife,

which was in the Canary Islands.

00;28;32;06 - 00;28;36;18

This past this pause served a dual

purpose, replenishing essential supplies

00;28;36;18 - 00;28;40;28

and making a couple acquisitions

of vegetables and pitch and,

00;28;40;28 - 00;28;43;29

you know, had to basically buy some things

that were a little cheaper

00;28;43;29 - 00;28;44;28

than they were in Spain.

00;28;44;28 - 00;28;48;00

However, amidst

the logistical preparations,

00;28;48;00 - 00;28;51;24

an undercurrent, a little bit

of a little bit of espionage going on.

00;28;51;24 - 00;28;55;20

Magellan received a tip off

from his father in law, Diego Barbosa.

00;28;55;20 - 00;28;59;06

The letter told that there was

a mutinous plot brewing among certain

00;28;59;06 - 00;29;03;19

Spanish captains spearheaded by Juan

de Cartagena of the San Antonio.

00;29;03;19 - 00;29;07;12

To compound matters, Magellan discovered

that the Portuguese king, his former

00;29;07;12 - 00;29;10;18

friend, had dispatched

two caravel fleets with the explicit

00;29;10;18 - 00;29;11;28

aim of apprehending him.

00;29;11;28 - 00;29;14;18

I don't know if it was like jealousy

or what he did.

00;29;14;18 - 00;29;17;08

Maybe he didn't think that Charles

was actually going to prove it.

00;29;17;08 - 00;29;18;10

So that man was mad?

00;29;18;10 - 00;29;19;02

I don't know.

00;29;19;02 - 00;29;22;25

Undeterred by the looming threats,

the fleet, now armed with newfound

00;29;22;25 - 00;29;25;06

intelligence,

resumed its journey on October 3rd,

00;29;25;06 - 00;29;29;02

1519, sailing southward

along the imposing African coast.

00;29;29;04 - 00;29;30;08

Dissenting voices

00;29;30;08 - 00;29;34;00

began to arise of the captains

regarding the optimal course wander.

00;29;34;00 - 00;29;37;00

Cartagena advocated for a more western

00;29;37;00 - 00;29;40;28

westerly bearing, has presented Magellan

with a navigational dilemma.

00;29;40;28 - 00;29;44;17

C Most of his crew didn't like the fact

that he decided to trace

00;29;44;17 - 00;29;47;24

the contour of the African coastline

is unconventional.

00;29;47;24 - 00;29;51;02

And the reason that he chose this

because he thought it was going

00;29;51;02 - 00;29;54;17

to outsmart the Portuguese care of those

that were following him.

00;29;54;19 - 00;29;57;17

Now, this unorthodox manner

showcased Magellan's strategic

00;29;57;17 - 00;30;01;15

acumen and determination

to safeguard the ambitious expedition

00;30;01;15 - 00;30;04;26

from external threats,

setting the tone for this epic voyage.

00;30;04;26 - 00;30;06;01

As October waned,

00;30;06;01 - 00;30;09;05

the Armada, under the leadership

of Ferdinand Magellan, confronted

00;30;09;05 - 00;30;12;28

with the wrath of a turbulent weather

as it approached the equator, expedition's

00;30;12;28 - 00;30;16;20

progress was hindered

by the ferocity of these intense storms.

00;30;16;20 - 00;30;18;06

That's another thing I forgot to bring up.

00;30;18;06 - 00;30;19;26

Storms you hit by hurricane.

00;30;19;26 - 00;30;23;08

That'd be crazy compelling

the crew to implement evasive maneuvers

00;30;23;08 - 00;30;26;26

such as striking their sails amidst

the squalls notably chronicled

00;30;26;26 - 00;30;30;19

by Pigafetta, an astute recorder

of the expedition's events.

00;30;30;19 - 00;30;34;00

Tumultuous conditions

bore witness to a mythical phenomenon,

00;30;34;03 - 00;30;38;00

St Elmo's Fire, which I didn't

even think that movie was out back then.

00;30;38;02 - 00;30;40;04

No, of course, that's silly.

00;30;40;04 - 00;30;44;03

and if I'm being honest, I may

00;30;44;03 - 00;30;47;08

or may not have decided to include this

strictly due to the fact that it shares.

00;30;47;08 - 00;30;48;11

The name is that movie.

00;30;48;11 - 00;30;52;06

Cinema's fire is a plasma discharge

from ionized particles,

00;30;52;06 - 00;30;56;17

which glowing in low light

scenarios named after Erasmus, a formula.

00;30;56;19 - 00;30;58;08

How do you get Elmo from that?

00;30;58;08 - 00;31;01;08

I don't know. Anyway, so

how many saints come up in these episodes?

00;31;01;08 - 00;31;02;00

It's kind of crazy.

00;31;02;00 - 00;31;02;26

We get a lot of st.

00;31;02;26 - 00;31;06;08

By the way, Saint Elmo is the patron

saint of sailors, so that makes sense.

00;31;06;09 - 00;31;09;29

Sam was fire was a celestial display

that the crew interpreted

00;31;10;01 - 00;31;13;11

as a favorable omen

and a serial manifestation,

00;31;13;11 - 00;31;15;17

especially during the dark

and perilous nights.

00;31;15;17 - 00;31;19;04

And this acted as a beacon of hope,

offering solace to the a little

00;31;19;04 - 00;31;22;27

diminished spirits of the crew

in the face of the impending danger.

00;31;22;27 - 00;31;26;09

Attempt to harsh weather persisted

for approximately two weeks,

00;31;26;10 - 00;31;29;22

subjecting the armada

to unyielding forces of nature.

00;31;29;24 - 00;31;31;04

During this formidable trial,

00;31;31;04 - 00;31;33;21

the fleet navigated through storms

that tested their mettle.

00;31;33;21 - 00;31;37;04

Subsequent to this tumultuous period,

the armada also found itself

00;31;37;04 - 00;31;39;18

in contrasting state

after the storm passed.

00;31;39;18 - 00;31;42;26

It was pretty calm, but also to calm.

00;31;42;26 - 00;31;44;26

That's right.

They hit the doldrums that I mentioned.

00;31;44;26 - 00;31;47;10

Not great

impeding the progress of the vessels.

00;31;47;10 - 00;31;49;28

The doldrums lacked the wind

to push the sails.

00;31;49;28 - 00;31;53;16

In the midst of the calm,

the south equatorial current emerged

00;31;53;16 - 00;31;57;21

as a guiding force that began to steer

the Yamato westward as turn of events

00;31;57;21 - 00;32;00;26

eventually positioned the fleet

in the vicinity of the trade winds.

00;32;00;26 - 00;32;03;14

Luckily enough,

this phase marked by the delicate balance

00;32;03;14 - 00;32;06;23

between the tumultuous storms,

a moment of respite underscored the

00;32;06;23 - 00;32;11;05

expedition's resilience as they navigated

unpredictable elements of open sea.

00;32;11;05 - 00;32;12;10

The interplay of challenges

00;32;12;10 - 00;32;16;03

and reprieves became a defining feature

of their journey,

00;32;16;06 - 00;32;20;05

shaping the narrative of Magellan's

ambitious quest for uncharted territories.

00;32;20;05 - 00;32;21;19

Now, during the Ocean crossing,

00;32;21;19 - 00;32;25;15

a disturbing incident unfolded aboard

the Victoria the Sicilian master,

00;32;25;15 - 00;32;29;16

the vessel Salomon Anton, was discovered

engaging in an act of sodomy

00;32;29;16 - 00;32;33;02

with a Genovese apprentice

sailor named Antonio Vasa.

00;32;33;08 - 00;32;36;28

Despite the common occurrence

of homosexual will activities on long

00;32;36;28 - 00;32;40;00

naval voyages, such actions

were punishable by death in Spain.

00;32;40;08 - 00;32;44;16

During that time, Magellan conducted

a trial on board the Trinidad finding

00;32;44;19 - 00;32;49;27

Salomon guilty and sentencing him to death

by strangulation, which is aggressive.

00;32;49;27 - 00;32;54;26

Anton would meet his fate in Brazil

December 20th, 15, 19.

00;32;54;28 - 00;32;55;21

That was the plan.

00;32;55;21 - 00;32;56;14

They were just going to wait

00;32;56;14 - 00;32;59;18

till they made landfall

that they would actually execute him.

00;32;59;18 - 00;33;04;05

And then once once

he was actually executed, they burned his

00;33;04;07 - 00;33;06;17

his body for ice, on the other hand, met

a tragic end

00;33;06;17 - 00;33;09;26

by drowning after either being thrown over

or jumping to his death.

00;33;09;26 - 00;33;12;27

Following the sodomy trial, dissent

among Magellan's captains

00;33;12;27 - 00;33;16;17

surfaced in a confrontation in Cartagena

and declared his refusal

00;33;16;17 - 00;33;17;18

to follow Magellan's

00;33;17;18 - 00;33;21;21

command, prompting Magellan to signal

armed loyalists to apprehend him.

00;33;21;21 - 00;33;25;15

This unfolded as Cartagena called on two

other Spanish captains,

00;33;25;15 - 00;33;28;21

Quesada and Mendoza, to stab Magellan,

But they hesitated.

00;33;28;21 - 00;33;31;20

After the confrontation, Cartagena

found himself in the stocks,

00;33;31;20 - 00;33;34;09

while Magellan could have pursued

harsher punishment,

00;33;34;09 - 00;33;38;24

he opted influenced by Quesada and Mendoza

to relieve Cartagena of his command

00;33;38;25 - 00;33;42;13

of the San Antonio, which allowed him

limited freedom aboard the Victoria

00;33;42;13 - 00;33;46;24

and then Antonio de Coca took over

as the new captain of the San Antonio.

00;33;46;25 - 00;33;48;14

The crew arrived in Brazil in late

00;33;48;14 - 00;33;50;15

November

and cruised down the shores of Brazil

00;33;50;15 - 00;33;52;24

until spending some time in Rio

de Janeiro.

00;33;52;24 - 00;33;55;16

Locals were used

to some Portuguese visitors by now,

00;33;55;16 - 00;33;57;26

but no settlement had been built

at this point.

00;33;57;26 - 00;34;00;14

The crew began trading with the locals,

even finding

00;34;00;14 - 00;34;04;11

that they could get sexual favors

for trading with some of the local women.

00;34;04;11 - 00;34;08;00

Make sense three months at sea and is

clearly not a love conducive environment.

00;34;08;00 - 00;34;09;13

So you got to do what you got to do.

00;34;09;13 - 00;34;11;13

They continued

down the coast of South America

00;34;11;13 - 00;34;14;12

looking for a strength to slip through,

but no such luck.

00;34;14;12 - 00;34;17;27

They wintered at the southern end

where they would name Port Saint Julian.

00;34;17;27 - 00;34;20;01

And then after landing that literally

00;34;20;01 - 00;34;23;28

the next day, another mutiny occurred

where one of the other captains attempted

00;34;23;28 - 00;34;27;28

to overthrow a different captain

but then ended up getting stabbed himself.

00;34;27;28 - 00;34;31;10

They did have a good plot, though, and

even managed to take the Victoria over,

00;34;31;10 - 00;34;35;11

but by way of some sneaky countermeasure

orders and lies about secret letters.

00;34;35;12 - 00;34;39;19

Louis Mendoza was killed in the mutiny

ended another man was was beheaded

00;34;39;19 - 00;34;41;28

for his role in the mutiny,

and others were chained

00;34;41;28 - 00;34;43;17

and tortured for playing their parts.

00;34;43;17 - 00;34;45;09

I guess his gentle nature

00;34;45;09 - 00;34;49;00

kind of lost out

after continually trying to get mutinied.

00;34;49;07 - 00;34;50;00

Even a priest

00;34;50;00 - 00;34;53;16

and another man were marooned for death

when the ships departed St Julian,

00;34;53;16 - 00;34;57;28

the ship also ran aground and capsized,

which is, you know, never good.

00;34;58;01 - 00;35;00;08

You just keep on truck

and looking for the strait though.

00;35;00;08 - 00;35;00;29

And they they did

00;35;00;29 - 00;35;05;04

find one, you know, like way, way down

at the southern tip of South America

00;35;05;04 - 00;35;09;13

after a year of after a year

after arriving on the other side.

00;35;09;13 - 00;35;10;10

So I guess that's a win.

00;35;10;10 - 00;35;11;25

Now, if you look at pictures of this area

00;35;11;25 - 00;35;15;20

in the Strait of Magellan,

you can see just how like island it is.

00;35;15;23 - 00;35;19;25

And while they attempted to navigate

through this one ship, just do out

00;35;19;25 - 00;35;23;09

and went back to Spain,

that's where 55 of the two and 70 went.

00;35;23;09 - 00;35;24;14

By the way,

00;35;24;14 - 00;35;27;06

the ship returned, reporting

all these crazy things about Magellan

00;35;27;06 - 00;35;31;27

and how ruthlessly torturing people

unnecessarily, which is kind of ironic

00;35;31;27 - 00;35;35;21

because had tortured his cousin

on the trip back to get him to agree

00;35;35;21 - 00;35;39;01

to the allegations that they were going

to levee against Magellan,

00;35;39;02 - 00;35;40;28

although it wasn't a complete

loss, Magellan

00;35;40;28 - 00;35;44;08

and the Armada tried to find the ship

that ended up just pissing out.

00;35;44;09 - 00;35;49;01

He saw how calm the Pacific Ocean was

and named it such ma Pacific.

00;35;49;03 - 00;35;50;26

So that's where the name comes from.

00;35;50;26 - 00;35;53;20

It's also not accurate at all.

00;35;53;23 - 00;35;54;15

It sounds great.

00;35;54;15 - 00;35;55;08

And maybe off

00;35;55;08 - 00;35;59;17

the very southern tip of South America,

the Pacific Ocean might look super calm.

00;35;59;20 - 00;36;02;20

It's not. It's very big and violent.

00;36;02;20 - 00;36;05;11

Anyway, after that, he was like,

Hey, guys, Hey.

00;36;05;11 - 00;36;08;18

We rounded through this really cool

strait of Magellan named after,

00;36;08;21 - 00;36;10;16

I don't know, probably a pretty cool guy,

I guess.

00;36;10;16 - 00;36;11;21

Should be.

00;36;11;21 - 00;36;14;04

Should be about 3 to 4 days

to the East Indies.

00;36;14;04 - 00;36;14;21

You're welcome.

00;36;14;21 - 00;36;16;28

And the next bit super gnarly.

00;36;16;28 - 00;36;20;01

While he thought it would be a quick John

to the Indies, he did not know that

00;36;20;01 - 00;36;23;25

he was crossing the largest of oceans,

crossing the Pacific, took him nearly

00;36;23;25 - 00;36;28;07

four months to do so, which is a far cry

from his anticipated 3 to 4 days.

00;36;28;07 - 00;36;29;23

Talk about are we there yet?

00;36;29;23 - 00;36;33;24

Moment Magellan and his contemporaries

severely miscalculated the expanse

00;36;33;24 - 00;36;38;09

of the Pacific Ocean, envisioning it

as a narrow expanse separating

00;36;38;12 - 00;36;42;00

South America from the Spice Islands

just like a little bit, just a little guy.

00;36;42;01 - 00;36;43;15

Their anticipation of a swift

00;36;43;15 - 00;36;48;03

3 to 4 day crossing of this imagined sea

collided with the stark reality

00;36;48;06 - 00;36;53;03

of the three month and 20 day journey

before reaching Guam and the Philippines.

00;36;53;10 - 00;36;57;01

Now, as they emerged from the Strait

00;36;57;01 - 00;37;00;13

the fleet initially set a course north

along the Chilean coast, later

00;37;00;13 - 00;37;03;15

adjusting to a west northwest

by mid-December.

00;37;03;15 - 00;37;05;23

Unfortunately, in their out,

the expedition missed

00;37;05;23 - 00;37;09;09

potential encounters with Pacific islands

like the Marshall Islands,

00;37;09;12 - 00;37;13;01

the Society Islands of Solomon Islands,

or the more cases islands.

00;37;13;01 - 00;37;14;08

These missed our opportunities

00;37;14;08 - 00;37;17;05

for replenishment

replenishment on crucial supplies.

00;37;17;05 - 00;37;20;06

Instead, they stumbled upon two small,

uninhabited islands

00;37;20;06 - 00;37;24;23

islets in 4 hours, which proved to be

pretty much inaccessible.

00;37;24;26 - 00;37;28;22

The first sighted on January 24th

and likely Puka.

00;37;28;22 - 00;37;33;11

Puka was named San Pablo,

the second sighted on February 21st,

00;37;33;11 - 00;37;36;25

likely Caroline Island became waypoints

for the challenging journey.

00;37;36;25 - 00;37;41;03

Crossing the equator on February 13th

marked a pivotal moment as they continued

00;37;41;03 - 00;37;42;08

on expeditions.

00;37;42;08 - 00;37;45;11

Resilience was put to the test

as the remaining ships, ill prepared

00;37;45;11 - 00;37;49;02

for the prolonged voyage, grappled

with shortages of essential provisions.

00;37;49;02 - 00;37;53;01

Much of the seal meat in the stores

succumb to purification

00;37;53;01 - 00;37;54;27

in the equatorial heat.

00;37;54;27 - 00;37;56;25

In his journal, Pigafetta vividly

00;37;56;25 - 00;38;00;20

depicted the dire circumstances

detailing the crew's resilience

00;38;00;22 - 00;38;05;00

on deteriorated biscuits infested

with grubs, discolored and foul smelling

00;38;05;00 - 00;38;09;26

water, toughened oxide, sawdust

and the consumption of expensive rats.

00;38;09;26 - 00;38;13;27

The pervasive threat of scurvy, an ailment

not comprehended at the time, afflicted

00;38;13;27 - 00;38;15;05

the majority of the crew.

00;38;15;05 - 00;38;19;04

Out of the 166 men

embarking on the Pacific Crossing, 19

00;38;19;04 - 00;38;20;16

succumbed to harsh conditions,

00;38;20;16 - 00;38;24;14

while 25 to 30 fell ill

with various different illnesses.

00;38;24;14 - 00;38;25;22

The hits just keep coming.

00;38;25;22 - 00;38;29;18

Notable exceptions to these illnesses

were Magellan, Pigafetta

00;38;29;18 - 00;38;32;27

and then a bunch of other officers

who evaded the scourge of scurvy.

00;38;32;29 - 00;38;35;21

This fortunate circumstance

was potentially attributed

00;38;35;21 - 00;38;39;11

to their consumption of preserved quince,

unbeknownst to them, containing

00;38;39;11 - 00;38;43;19

vital vitamin C, the shield them

from the debilitating effects of scurvy.

00;38;43;19 - 00;38;47;06

Amidst the adversities of the Pacific

Crossing, the crew's health availability

00;38;47;06 - 00;38;51;06

of provisions and unforeseen

challenges of sea became pivotal factors

00;38;51;06 - 00;38;55;03

shaping the narrative of Magellan's

ambitious exploration to this point.

00;38;55;04 - 00;38;59;18

After finally arriving in Guam

and in the Philippines of March 19,

00;38;59;20 - 00;39;04;06

1915 21, he was embraced by locals

and Magellan slave.

00;39;04;06 - 00;39;06;09

Enrique was able to communicate

with some of them

00;39;06;09 - 00;39;10;10

as he was, as I mentioned before, Malacca

from Malacca, which is close

00;39;10;10 - 00;39;14;08

to Malaysia, more so in the Philippines

than Guam, where they excited.

00;39;14;08 - 00;39;18;19

They did meet with the Chamorro people,

but they left one dead

00;39;18;19 - 00;39;21;07

and they had miscommunication

on understanding

00;39;21;07 - 00;39;23;27

what gifts were

and then what was just personal property.

00;39;23;27 - 00;39;25;18

So that didn't go good.

00;39;25;18 - 00;39;29;12

Magellan ended up naming the island

Isla de los drones

00;39;29;13 - 00;39;33;05

island of the thieves

and then proceeded to send raiding parties

00;39;33;05 - 00;39;36;27

to the island and burned 50 houses

and killed a handful of these people.

00;39;37;00 - 00;39;37;11

Not a good

00;39;37;11 - 00;39;38;02

look when they reached

00;39;38;02 - 00;39;42;10

the Philippines on March 16th, things were

better than the last encounter, I guess.

00;39;42;10 - 00;39;45;15

They began to trade small goods, receiving

00;39;45;18 - 00;39;49;20

Chinese painted ceramics, showing them

their shiny finish weapons and armor.

00;39;49;22 - 00;39;53;11

The Christian word probably confused as to

what happened since the original goal

00;39;53;11 - 00;39;56;07

was to find the Spice

Islands from the West. You're not alone.

00;39;56;07 - 00;39;59;10

It's not known specifically

why he decided to just be converting

00;39;59;10 - 00;40;00;07

people left and right.

00;40;00;07 - 00;40;02;21

But nonetheless,

that's just what he was doing.

00;40;02;21 - 00;40;04;12

Upon nearing Misawa,

00;40;04;12 - 00;40;07;26

the expedition encountered natives

in canoes who promptly alerted warship

00;40;07;26 - 00;40;12;13

belonging to local rulers of Mindanao and

a noteworthy development Magellan slave.

00;40;12;13 - 00;40;16;02

Enrique discovered his ability

to communicate further with some of these

00;40;16;02 - 00;40;19;02

as they move

closer and closer, signaling that

00;40;19;02 - 00;40;22;19

the completion of the circumnavigation

was very close.

00;40;22;24 - 00;40;26;03

Engaging in diplomatic gestures,

the parties exchanged gifts, fostering

00;40;26;03 - 00;40;27;03

a budding relationship.

00;40;27;03 - 00;40;33;04

Magellan sees opportunity, met with local

leaders Raja Colombo and then Raja Surui.

00;40;33;04 - 00;40;37;12

The encounter led to establishment

of a profound blood brother relationship

00;40;37;12 - 00;40;41;25

between Magellan and Raja Colombo

solidified through a local ritual.

00;40;41;25 - 00;40;42;11

I don't know

00;40;42;11 - 00;40;45;15

if it was like the cutting of the palms

and then shaking hands or what,

00;40;45;15 - 00;40;49;14

but this thing, this ritual,

symbolized mutual trust and allegiance.

00;40;49;19 - 00;40;51;04

During their stay at Misawa,

00;40;51;04 - 00;40;55;12

Spanish Explorers marveled at golden

ornaments plates adorned by the Rajas.

00;40;55;14 - 00;40;57;04

In conversations with local leaders.

00;40;57;04 - 00;41;01;18

Magellan's men discovered that gold

was abundant in Bhutan and collagen.

00;41;01;18 - 00;41;05;25

The Rogers expressed

that they had an interest in trading gold

00;41;05;25 - 00;41;09;21

for iron, which kind of set the stage

for the potential economic changes

00;41;09;21 - 00;41;10;29

between these two cultures.

00;41;10;29 - 00;41;14;16

Magellan, realizing the potential

influence of showcasing Spanish prowess,

00;41;14;16 - 00;41;18;22

presented a display of Spanish armor,

weapons and artillery demonstration

00;41;18;22 - 00;41;22;22

left a lasting effect on the locals,

contributing to the establishment

00;41;22;22 - 00;41;26;00

of a favorable image of the Spanish

among the islanders.

00;41;26;01 - 00;41;31;03

On Easter Day, March 31st, Magellan

and 50 men participated in an event,

00;41;31;06 - 00;41;35;00

the first Catholic mass in the Philippines

held in Lima, Sala.

00;41;35;01 - 00;41;38;16

The ceremony, attended by Raja Colombo

Islanders.

00;41;38;19 - 00;41;43;07

Magellan's crew marked the introduction

of Christianity to the archipelago

00;41;43;08 - 00;41;46;20

Post Mass Magellan's men erected

a cross on the island's highest hills.

00;41;46;20 - 00;41;49;20

Symbolically

declaring lima south in the entirety.

00;41;49;20 - 00;41;52;27

The entire Philippine

archipelago, as possesses

00;41;52;27 - 00;41;56;10

possessions of Spain

to bring to the islands as Saint Lazarus.

00;41;56;11 - 00;41;57;20

This proclamation signified

00;41;57;20 - 00;42;00;23

the formal establishment

of Spanish influence in the region,

00;42;00;23 - 00;42;06;03

laying the foundation for enduring impact

of Christianity and European colonization

00;42;06;03 - 00;42;06;28

in the Philippines.

00;42;06;28 - 00;42;08;07

April 2nd, Magellan

00;42;08;07 - 00;42;12;01

and his crew had set about trying

to confirm their next course of action.

00;42;12;01 - 00;42;14;02

Its officers believed

the best route was to head

00;42;14;02 - 00;42;18;07

southwest for the Moluccas,

which is different the Malakas.

00;42;18;07 - 00;42;21;17

But Magellan was headstrong about

pushing further into the Philippines.

00;42;21;17 - 00;42;24;16

The next day they set sail into the north

northwest,

00;42;24;19 - 00;42;27;22

landing in Cebu,

which had been given like that.

00;42;27;22 - 00;42;31;02

It directions had been given to them

from their interaction

00;42;31;02 - 00;42;32;25

with with Rajah Calamba.

00;42;32;25 - 00;42;34;03

They landed on April 7th

00;42;34;03 - 00;42;37;08

and were happy to find

that Cebu was a hub of trade in the area

00;42;37;09 - 00;42;40;23

and goods from the Middle East, China,

India, all over Cebu.

00;42;40;23 - 00;42;45;05

It typically required some sort of tribute

to be paid to participate in the trade,

00;42;45;05 - 00;42;46;14

which is understandable.

00;42;46;14 - 00;42;50;00

But the leader of the island

Rajakumar had personally waived

00;42;50;00 - 00;42;51;13

this for the European visitors.

00;42;51;13 - 00;42;54;19

Rajah, whom Oben was also baptized

in a show of good faith

00;42;54;19 - 00;42;58;04

between the two cultures

alongside his family on April 14.

00;42;58;05 - 00;42;59;04

After this,

00;42;59;04 - 00;43;02;06

the other locals were more likely to do

so, and upwards

00;43;02;06 - 00;43;04;01

00;43;04;01 - 00;43;07;05

One island nearby was not so welcoming

of this gesture

00;43;07;05 - 00;43;10;28

and stood out as opposition to the Mission

Island of Mactan, whose leader,

00;43;10;28 - 00;43;14;10

Lapu-Lapu, was fervent

in his displeasure against conversion,

00;43;14;10 - 00;43;17;24

which is kind of like kerosene

to a powder keg of peace.

00;43;17;24 - 00;43;20;24

In stories like these,

his opposition was more to the tune of not

00;43;20;24 - 00;43;24;24

supporting Kuma Kumaran as a leader

and wished to be the leader instead.

00;43;24;24 - 00;43;28;05

But either way, Magellan thought

that this was something that he could do

00;43;28;05 - 00;43;31;11

to further impress whom

the bond and strengthen their new alliance

00;43;31;11 - 00;43;34;05

with either ignorance

or arrogance in full effect.

00;43;34;05 - 00;43;38;21

On April 27, 15, 21,

Magellan approached the island of Mactan

00;43;38;24 - 00;43;41;23

with only 60,

albeit heavily armed soldiers.

00;43;41;23 - 00;43;44;21

They were backed by Filipino boats

that were full of warriors.

00;43;44;21 - 00;43;48;27

But Magellan was confident at the superior

the superiority equipped

00;43;48;27 - 00;43;53;22

Europeans would scare away Lapu-Lapu

and his war further entrenched this idea.

00;43;53;22 - 00;43;58;14

Magellan only took 49 men with him,

leaving ten with whom Laban and his men.

00;43;58;14 - 00;44;01;24

They initially set ablaze

two houses that they immediately found.

00;44;01;24 - 00;44;04;14

And then this just kind of made lapu-lapu

more mad.

00;44;04;14 - 00;44;08;27

The European soldiers quickly assaulted

with spears and other ranged weapons.

00;44;09;02 - 00;44;11;13

They returned fire

via muskets and crossbows,

00;44;11;13 - 00;44;14;18

but it seemed like it was not really doing

much to the native warriors.

00;44;14;18 - 00;44;16;01

The Europeans heavily

00;44;16;01 - 00;44;19;26

armor made it harder for them to maneuver

properly in the muddy beach.

00;44;19;27 - 00;44;23;16

Lapu-Lapu warriors were agile

and used to the terrain in comparison,

00;44;23;16 - 00;44;27;17

Lapu-Lapu also recognized Magellan

from before and had targeted him

00;44;27;17 - 00;44;31;14

specifically, which resulted in his

being hit with a poisonous spear.

00;44;31;15 - 00;44;34;25

He was not the only one,

as the 50 Europeans were outnumbered

00;44;34;25 - 00;44;38;00

according to Pigafetta,

00;44;38;01 - 00;44;40;29

whose contemporary count,

despite their impressive armor

00;44;40;29 - 00;44;43;18

and weapons,

they were not immune to any of these

00;44;43;18 - 00;44;47;18

and then had been hit by many poisonous

arrows, spears, that kind of thing.

00;44;47;18 - 00;44;52;12

Magellan was specifically targeted after

he had been hit with a poisonous barrage,

00;44;52;15 - 00;44;55;27

and Pigafetta noted this later,

they seemed to focus their strikes

00;44;55;27 - 00;45;00;20

on Magellan, specifically swinging swords,

blunt objects, all these kinds of things

00;45;00;20 - 00;45;05;08

at him and the others that were around him

until they were completely overpowered

00;45;05;08 - 00;45;08;05

by sheer number of landlubbers,

force forces,

00;45;08;05 - 00;45;10;14

and even some of the warriors

whom Gibbon had brought

00;45;10;14 - 00;45;12;27

have been killed in

for aiding them in the first place.

00;45;12;27 - 00;45;14;26

Magellan was killed with the others,

00;45;14;26 - 00;45;18;19

but not the entirety of the crew

or natives that had joined them.

00;45;18;19 - 00;45;20;12

Pigafetta was with him on the beach,

00;45;20;12 - 00;45;23;23

but managed to escape back to the boats

and then back to safety.

00;45;23;23 - 00;45;26;18

Magellan's

body was also left with Lapu-Lapu,

00;45;26;18 - 00;45;28;24

and whom Oban tried to negotiate

00;45;28;24 - 00;45;32;18

a deal for a large portion of copper

and other treasures for his return.

00;45;32;18 - 00;45;34;12

But Lapu-Lapu kept it as a work.

00;45;34;12 - 00;45;37;03

After Magellan's death,

his will was found on the ship.

00;45;37;03 - 00;45;39;13

It noted that his slave, Enrique,

00;45;39;13 - 00;45;42;13

was supposed to be released

upon his death, which is nice.

00;45;42;13 - 00;45;46;09

Unfortunately, after Magellan's death,

this is a point of contention

00;45;46;09 - 00;45;48;18

to both the new captains,

Magellan's brother

00;45;48;18 - 00;45;52;12

in law being one daughter

Barbosa, and Juan Serrano being the other.

00;45;52;12 - 00;45;56;15

Both potential captains had no interest

of releasing Enrique and wished for him to

00;45;56;15 - 00;46;00;05

continue his current post as interpreter

during the remainder of their journey.

00;46;00;05 - 00;46;04;00

After learning of this fact,

Enrique had engaged in some double agency

00;46;04;00 - 00;46;07;23

and used his ability to communicate

with Houma Bon without the Europeans

00;46;07;23 - 00;46;11;09

knowing what's happening

to his disadvantage or to his advantage.

00;46;11;09 - 00;46;14;10

Following this interaction

on May 1st 15, 21,

00;46;14;10 - 00;46;17;22

some 30 of the remaining hundred

and 45 were invited to a feast.

00;46;17;22 - 00;46;20;19

By whom about celebrate their time

together on shore.

00;46;20;19 - 00;46;21;25

This included two potential

00;46;21;25 - 00;46;25;28

captains at most, and mostly officers

who were present at the end of the meal.

00;46;25;28 - 00;46;27;19

Cebu Warriors entered the hall

00;46;27;19 - 00;46;31;08

and then began to slaughter

the European men who attended.

00;46;31;13 - 00;46;32;22

Only one of them was spared

00;46;32;22 - 00;46;36;02

as he was dragged out to the beach

in an attempt ransom.

00;46;36;02 - 00;46;39;14

He told the men still aboard the ships

that everyone had been slain at the feast.

00;46;39;14 - 00;46;41;22

Everyone except for Enrique himself.

00;46;41;22 - 00;46;45;24

A negotiation never happened

in the remaining crew sailed away, leaving

00;46;45;24 - 00;46;47;01

Serrano for death.

00;46;47;01 - 00;46;50;19

115 men remained of the original 270.

00;46;50;19 - 00;46;52;16

At this point,

the crew realized that they did

00;46;52;16 - 00;46;56;09

not have the numbers or crew numbers

to crew the remaining three vessels.

00;46;56;09 - 00;46;58;28

So they stripped what was needed

from the conception and burned it.

00;46;58;28 - 00;47;01;28

Trinidad

and Victoria bounded around the Southeast

00;47;01;28 - 00;47;05;08

Asia, searching for the Moluccas

and their spice.

00;47;05;08 - 00;47;08;04

All it was at this moment

where I had a fluctuation on

00;47;08;04 - 00;47;10;03

if I should include them in my Pirates

episode

00;47;10;03 - 00;47;13;26

or not because they engaged in piracy

against different ships in the region.

00;47;13;26 - 00;47;17;22

Most notably, they captured a Chinese junk

that had left Malacca

00;47;17;22 - 00;47;20;25

as they struggled

to find any real direction for six months.

00;47;20;25 - 00;47;22;16

And the captain, who had assumed control.

00;47;22;16 - 00;47;26;03

Following the departure

of the Philippines, Carollo stepped down.

00;47;26;03 - 00;47;27;22

00;47;27;22 - 00;47;32;19

Martin Mendez assumed the control

following this with Gonzalo de Spinoza

00;47;32;19 - 00;47;37;13

and Juan Sebastian Elcano, both captaining

the two vessels, Aquino on the Victoria

00;47;37;13 - 00;47;41;05

and Espinosa on the Trinidad Elcano

and the crew aboard.

00;47;41;05 - 00;47;44;28

The Victoria had been attacked

by a fleet of bruni ins off the coast off

00;47;44;28 - 00;47;48;28

the coast of Borneo, the large island

southwest of the Philippines.

00;47;48;28 - 00;47;51;27

Some historians believe these attackers

to be a prince of Manila.

00;47;51;27 - 00;47;56;01

Prince Archie This interaction actually

proved fruitful for a number of reasons.

00;47;56;01 - 00;47;58;21

Number one, O'Connell

got to show his fortitude as captain.

00;47;58;21 - 00;48;03;24

And number two, after capturing force,

Archie left more who spoke Spanish.

00;48;03;24 - 00;48;08;01

That would be a major assistance, kind

of a replacement of America at some point.

00;48;08;01 - 00;48;12;23

Finally, after years of travel on November

00;48;12;23 - 00;48;14;08

Luckily for them, the interaction

00;48;14;08 - 00;48;17;17

with the leader of the island

they landed on tea door was friendly.

00;48;17;17 - 00;48;22;11

al-Mansour, the second sultan of tea Door,

welcomed the trade and allegiance

00;48;22;11 - 00;48;23;05

with the Spanish.

00;48;23;05 - 00;48;26;27

His rival, the Sultan of Tonight,

was already working with the Portuguese,

00;48;26;27 - 00;48;30;10

so his plan was to work with the Spanish

and create a wealth that way.

00;48;30;11 - 00;48;32;17

The Spanish

spent over a month with their new allies

00;48;32;17 - 00;48;35;26

trading goods and accruing

large stores of clothes in tow.

00;48;35;27 - 00;48;37;03

When the Spanish departed.

00;48;37;03 - 00;48;41;07

This after establishing this fruitful

relationship, one which al-Mansour

00;48;41;07 - 00;48;45;01

would never see fulfilled in his lifetime,

trouble was back on their tail.

00;48;45;01 - 00;48;47;08

The Trinidad had fallen

into a state of disrepair

00;48;47;08 - 00;48;49;03

and the crew stayed behind to repair it

while.

00;48;49;03 - 00;48;50;27

The Victoria decided to move forward.

00;48;50;27 - 00;48;55;16

The Victoria entered charted waters

00;48;55;16 - 00;48;59;07

in the Indian Ocean, and took the route

around the Africa, around Africa

00;48;59;07 - 00;49;00;12

to sail back to Spain.

00;49;00;12 - 00;49;02;00

The remainder of the trip for the Victoria

00;49;02;00 - 00;49;05;21

was relatively uneventful, which is good

considering they had more adventure

00;49;05;21 - 00;49;09;06

in the past two years or few years

than most had in their entire lives.

00;49;09;07 - 00;49;12;13

I mean, an additional 20 men

did die of starvation by the time

00;49;12;13 - 00;49;17;11

they rounded the Cape of Good Hope just

00;49;17;11 - 00;49;22;10

two months prior on May six, and between

that and Cape Verde on 20 had died.

00;49;22;10 - 00;49;24;20

When they made port,

they were confused by the port officer

00;49;24;20 - 00;49;27;08

telling them that the date was

in fact the 10th of July

00;49;27;08 - 00;49;30;18

and not the ninth as their meticulous

Lee kept records and stated,

00;49;30;18 - 00;49;33;18

We all know that this was the Dateline

change,

00;49;33;19 - 00;49;37;23

which is pretty interesting to see

it noted in such and such an example here.

00;49;37;23 - 00;49;42;07

I also experienced this, but in the

00;49;42;07 - 00;49;45;15

when we crossed the dateline and oddly

enough, in a career full of traditions

00;49;45;15 - 00;49;49;16

and superstitions, it was decided

that we were to repeat Friday the 13th.

00;49;49;23 - 00;49;51;22

It was all downhill from there.

Really? No.

00;49;51;22 - 00;49;55;13

Anyway, the Victoria Crew used

a cover story that they were returning

00;49;55;13 - 00;49;58;29

from returning from the Americas

back to Spain to tell them.

00;49;58;29 - 00;50;02;23

But first, when the ship was inspected,

found to be carrying spices

00;50;02;23 - 00;50;07;03

that were known to come from East

Indies, 13 of the men were apprehended

00;50;07;03 - 00;50;09;12

and thrown in jail

and the remaining crew escaped

00;50;09;12 - 00;50;13;03

their haul of 26 tons of both cinnamon

and cloves untouched by the port.

00;50;13;05 - 00;50;16;00

September six, 15, 22 Victoria

00;50;16;00 - 00;50;19;05

and 18 of its crew arrived in Spain.

00;50;19;05 - 00;50;21;24

Ironically,

the Victoria was the smallest of the ships

00;50;21;24 - 00;50;25;07

on the voyage, as I mentioned before,

and it's the one that made the trip,

00;50;25;10 - 00;50;26;16

which is kind of interesting.

00;50;26;16 - 00;50;27;20

But what about the Trinidad?

00;50;27;20 - 00;50;31;04

Well, they were captured by the Portuguese

after the decision to go back

00;50;31;04 - 00;50;32;04

through the Pacific route,

00;50;32;04 - 00;50;35;09

which seems like a dumb idea

considering all that they went through.

00;50;35;16 - 00;50;39;00

They actually didn't

leave till or until April 15, 22.

00;50;39;00 - 00;50;40;20

So a lot of repairs were needed

00;50;40;20 - 00;50;43;21

or they just really in place

that really enjoyed that place.

00;50;43;21 - 00;50;47;15

Three men deserted following

poor navigation and 30 died from scurvy.

00;50;47;15 - 00;50;50;24

So they turned back to the Moluccas

and it was there when they were captured

00;50;50;24 - 00;50;52;01

by the Portuguese ships.

00;50;52;01 - 00;50;55;07

They had initially expected resistance,

the Portuguese did.

00;50;55;07 - 00;50;58;28

But when they came up closer on the ship,

they realized that this ship and crew

00;50;58;29 - 00;51;00;14

was in no fighting shape.

00;51;00;14 - 00;51;01;27

It was eventually wrecked in a storm

00;51;01;27 - 00;51;04;27

while anchored in a Portuguese poor

after they had been arrested.

00;51;04;28 - 00;51;09;11

All men aboard, all men that had remained

were arrested and only five of them

00;51;09;11 - 00;51;13;00

would eventually be returned to Spain

after several years of hard labor.

00;51;13;05 - 00;51;15;26

So in the words of Borah, great success.

00;51;15;26 - 00;51;16;15

No, no.

00;51;16;15 - 00;51;17;19

Of course, that mission,

00;51;17;19 - 00;51;20;25

while did technically succeed

in the way where it had survivors,

00;51;20;25 - 00;51;24;25

and those survivors did go back

to where they originally came from. Yes.

00;51;24;25 - 00;51;27;05

Maybe if you remember, Magellan

was going to prove

00;51;27;05 - 00;51;30;29

that the Western influence,

which Spain controlled, included Moluccas

00;51;30;29 - 00;51;34;25

and some of the more of the Spice Islands,

and because of this, would give Spain

00;51;34;25 - 00;51;36;27

a foot in the door

with the global trade of spices.

00;51;36;27 - 00;51;38;17

Did they end up proving that?

00;51;38;17 - 00;51;39;05

Not really.

00;51;39;05 - 00;51;43;14

Eventually, after both countries had

several experts in navigation, cartography

00;51;43;14 - 00;51;47;01

and astronomy, dissect the expedition

and the new gained information

00;51;47;01 - 00;51;50;28

to figure out where the Spice Islands lay

for anyone could ever agree.

00;51;50;28 - 00;51;52;23

Portugal paid Charles of Spain.

00;51;52;23 - 00;51;57;10

Now Charles, the fifth of the Holy Roman

Empire 350,000 gold ducats

00;51;57;13 - 00;52;00;13

which in turn which in terms

of how much they could buy back

00;52;00;13 - 00;52;04;15

then were around

$26 in United States dollars now.

00;52;04;15 - 00;52;08;23

So one ducat

had the purchase power of $26 today,

00;52;08;23 - 00;52;11;25

but also it had around $140 in gold value.

00;52;11;25 - 00;52;15;15

So around 9 million on the low

end of the scale, which is pretty decent.

00;52;15;15 - 00;52;18;22

Subsequent voyages had the Spanish

gained control in the Philippines

00;52;18;22 - 00;52;19;16

eventually anyway.

00;52;19;16 - 00;52;22;16

So I don't think Charles was sweating

the loss of control in that way.

00;52;22;17 - 00;52;25;23

Speaking on those follow up

00;52;25;23 - 00;52;29;23

the expedition named after Garcia

Joffer Adele Luisa.

00;52;29;24 - 00;52;33;25

Luisa lead an expedition

following the route of Magellan, albeit

00;52;33;25 - 00;52;35;04

a little more direct.

00;52;35;04 - 00;52;36;27

Sir Francis Drake remember him?

00;52;36;27 - 00;52;40;28

which also saw

00;52;40;28 - 00;52;44;08

a lot of randomness, but not nearly

as deadly or intense as this one.

00;52;44;08 - 00;52;47;19

00;52;47;19 - 00;52;51;08

Central America and established

a non canal Panama connection.

00;52;51;08 - 00;52;52;03

Ships coming from

00;52;52;03 - 00;52;55;13

the Philippines would deposit goods

and then they would be transported on land

00;52;55;13 - 00;52;57;18

to the other side

and then loaded onto ships

00;52;57;18 - 00;52;59;26

00;52;59;26 - 00;53;01;08

A big time jump here.

00;53;01;08 - 00;53;04;19

The Magellan route was traced

as closely as possible by a vessel

00;53;04;19 - 00;53;09;03

that was underwater completely

the USS Triton, circumnavigate the globe

00;53;09;03 - 00;53;13;05

using Magellan's route as its baseline,

of course, being a submarine.

00;53;13;05 - 00;53;15;02

So parts that couldn't physically go to.

00;53;15;02 - 00;53;17;12

But for the most part,

it was true to the course.

00;53;17;12 - 00;53;18;17

So that's kind of neat.

00;53;18;17 - 00;53;19;03

And that's it.

00;53;19;03 - 00;53;20;29

About the actual journey,

00;53;20;29 - 00;53;24;25

how did people feel about the journey

and Magellan, after it had been done?

00;53;24;25 - 00;53;27;01

Well, really

realistically, people were not pumped.

00;53;27;01 - 00;53;29;26

Magellan died and with his death

when a lot of the loyalty

00;53;29;26 - 00;53;33;22

that those around him

may have had, the crew of the San Antonio,

00;53;33;22 - 00;53;37;08

which had, you know, double back

back to Spain, spouted plenty of things

00;53;37;14 - 00;53;40;19

that put Magellan in a bad light

and in the eyes of the country.

00;53;40;25 - 00;53;43;08

You know, Portugal already

hated him for being a traitor.

00;53;43;08 - 00;53;46;27

CREW The San Antonio were also put on

trial when they returned without Magellan.

00;53;46;27 - 00;53;50;01

But to escape desertion charges,

they told differing versions

00;53;50;01 - 00;53;51;13

of the events of the mutiny.

00;53;51;13 - 00;53;54;13

And Saint Julian Elcano,

the captain of the Victoria,

00;53;54;13 - 00;53;56;28

when it arrived,

had also taken part in that mutiny.

00;53;56;28 - 00;53;59;11

So when he arrived,

he was questioned by the king.

00;53;59;11 - 00;54;03;09

But instead of bringing the voyages,

chronicler beget Pigafetta.

00;54;03;09 - 00;54;06;23

He brought some other people,

some people loyal to him and was able

00;54;06;23 - 00;54;10;14

to spin the events into making those guys

and himself look better.

00;54;10;14 - 00;54;13;00

Pigafetta was loyal to Magellan

all the way through

00;54;13;00 - 00;54;16;06

and was one of the taking notes

about literally everything all the time

00;54;16;06 - 00;54;17;13

because he was the chronicler.

00;54;17;13 - 00;54;21;01

So acting upon himself,

he would provide copies of his notes

00;54;21;01 - 00;54;25;07

to Charles, the Portuguese, French

and other notable people at the time.

00;54;25;07 - 00;54;28;21

In these notes he published the

00;54;28;21 - 00;54;31;11

From that,

there's a passage dedicated to Magellan,

00;54;31;11 - 00;54;35;05

which I'm going to read for you now,

He says Magellan's main virtues

00;54;35;05 - 00;54;38;24

were courage and perseverance

in even the most difficult situations.

00;54;39;00 - 00;54;42;12

For example, he bore hunger and fatigue

better than the rest of us.

00;54;42;14 - 00;54;45;27

He was a magnificent,

practical seaman who understood navigation

00;54;45;27 - 00;54;47;08

better than all of his pilots.

00;54;47;08 - 00;54;48;17

Best proof of his genius

00;54;48;17 - 00;54;51;26

is that he circumnavigated the world done

having preceded him.

00;54;52;03 - 00;54;52;20

Asterix.

00;54;52;20 - 00;54;54;29

I mean,

he technically never circumnavigated that.

00;54;54;29 - 00;54;56;06

I mean, unless he managed

00;54;56;06 - 00;55;00;05

to go to the Philippines before

he had actually went there the last time.

00;55;00;05 - 00;55;02;20

But, you know,

technically didn't actually do it.

00;55;02;20 - 00;55;04;07

But he was the first one

00;55;04;07 - 00;55;08;02

to be assigned to, like,

take this on, which is pretty impressive.

00;55;08;09 - 00;55;10;29

I think that quotes a good place

to kind of back out of Magellan

00;55;10;29 - 00;55;14;00

and kind of wrap up the episode with

some of the things that we learned today.

00;55;14;01 - 00;55;16;15

Number one, absolutely not.

00;55;16;17 - 00;55;18;22

You will not

catch me trying to replicate that journey

00;55;18;22 - 00;55;21;24

with the equivalent equipment

or food at all.

00;55;21;24 - 00;55;27;17

I'll do it in like a massive yacht maybe,

and then maybe, maybe a lot of money.

00;55;27;19 - 00;55;28;09

Insanity.

00;55;28;09 - 00;55;30;23

I also love

the inclusion of St Elmo's Fire,

00;55;30;23 - 00;55;33;24

even though I'm

the one that decided to include that.

00;55;33;24 - 00;55;34;10

I think it's

00;55;34;10 - 00;55;37;04

it is an interesting part of this tale,

and it is unfortunate

00;55;37;04 - 00;55;39;24

that these guys were like,

God, yeah, that's awesome.

00;55;39;24 - 00;55;41;00

So excited.

00;55;41;00 - 00;55;43;06

And then it

and then it only got worse from there.

00;55;43;06 - 00;55;45;21

Really.

00;55;45;21 - 00;55;46;28

Also, literally

00;55;46;28 - 00;55;50;10

so many things went wrong and yet

they just kept pushing forward, obviously.

00;55;50;10 - 00;55;53;11

I mean, what else, what else

could you really do at that point in time?

00;55;53;11 - 00;55;56;25

I do want to know how it was like

for those dudes that got marooned.

00;55;56;25 - 00;56;00;28

But, you know, I don't I don't think

there's anyone one way to tell about that.

00;56;00;28 - 00;56;05;04

Francis Drake did note

that they had found the skulls of humans

00;56;05;06 - 00;56;09;16

that were bleached from the sun

when they arrived in that area.

00;56;09;19 - 00;56;12;03

Some 30 years later, 40 years later.

00;56;12;03 - 00;56;13;06

So that's kind of interesting.

00;56;13;06 - 00;56;17;10

I think one of the biggest things about

Magellan is the glaringly obvious fact

00;56;17;10 - 00;56;21;13

that the man synonymous

with circumnavigation is actually not

00;56;21;13 - 00;56;24;18

the first one to do

so since he died halfway through.

00;56;24;21 - 00;56;28;02

Actually, oddly enough, Enrique,

his slave, may have actually

00;56;28;02 - 00;56;31;17

been the first human to complete

a full circumnavigation of the globe.

00;56;31;17 - 00;56;34;08

Why didn't he dip out in the Philippines?

00;56;34;08 - 00;56;36;29

Yes, but it is believed after the massacre

00;56;36;29 - 00;56;40;15

he left back to his home.

00;56;40;15 - 00;56;43;11

Magellan's said

he was a native of Malacca,

00;56;43;11 - 00;56;47;29

which is Malaysia today, and Pigafetta

also believed him to be Indonesian.

00;56;47;29 - 00;56;52;02

But he traveled from Malacca

00;56;52;02 - 00;56;56;09

and then Spain to Cebu

00;56;56;09 - 00;56;58;12

So all he had to do was find his way home.

00;56;58;12 - 00;57;00;13

So all he had to do was find his way home.

00;57;00;13 - 00;57;02;00

And then he would have been the first

00;57;02;00 - 00;57;05;23

human to fully circumnavigate

the globe that we know of.

00;57;05;23 - 00;57;08;16

I mean, kind of we don't actually know.

00;57;08;18 - 00;57;10;01

And since he left

00;57;10;01 - 00;57;15;07

and he was drastically closer

00;57;15;07 - 00;57;18;29

to his home of origin than Elcano

and all the other guys were

00;57;19;00 - 00;57;20;24

because

they had to go all the way to Spain.

00;57;20;24 - 00;57;22;24

He may very well have been the first.

00;57;22;24 - 00;57;24;29

I mean, we're never going to know

because he disappears

00;57;24;29 - 00;57;27;00

from the written record

after the expedition.

00;57;27;00 - 00;57;30;09

Either way, the men on this voyage

sailed through so many obstacles

00;57;30;09 - 00;57;34;01

Crazy distances find diseases, starvation

and everything else.

00;57;34;02 - 00;57;35;06

They traveled an estimated

00;57;35;06 - 00;57;39;03

60,000 miles in total,

which seems excessive, but all of it was,

00;57;39;08 - 00;57;42;08

and they were the first to do so,

which has to count for something.

00;57;42;10 - 00;57;43;26

So with that, let's get out of here.

00;57;43;26 - 00;57;46;20

I hope you all enjoyed that.

I'm very happy with it.

00;57;46;20 - 00;57;50;04

I thought it was very interesting,

a lot more interesting than you kind of

00;57;50;04 - 00;57;51;17

just expect something to go.

00;57;51;17 - 00;57;53;21

I think it had a little bit of everything.

00;57;53;21 - 00;57;56;25

Biography, adventure, tragedy,

you know, let me know what you thought or

00;57;56;25 - 00;58;00;22

what you already knew about Magellan

in the comments on the Facebook, YouTube,

00;58;00;24 - 00;58;01;21

all those things.

00;58;01;21 - 00;58;04;22

You have an idea for a topic,

email me or post it.

00;58;04;22 - 00;58;08;09

Facebook

Email is remedial scholar at gmail.com.

00;58;08;09 - 00;58;12;08

Next week we are keeping old school

but not as old school as this one

00;58;12;11 - 00;58;16;15

and are discussing the life

and tragedy of one Marie Antoinette.

00;58;16;16 - 00;58;19;02

What eighth grade

and the French Revolution?

00;58;19;02 - 00;58;20;09

Mostly the French Revolution.

00;58;20;09 - 00;58;24;13

But I felt like it was time to actually

talk about Marie being as how she is

00;58;24;13 - 00;58;27;22

one of my favorite designs

that I have ever made for the show.

00;58;27;25 - 00;58;30;04

Actually, the shirt I'm wearing right now,

the heads will roll here,

00;58;30;04 - 00;58;33;08

and if you want more of those,

go check out the merch.

00;58;33;10 - 00;58;35;05

Pretty sweet, but yeah.

00;58;35;05 - 00;58;38;16

So next week, going back to France

for like the fourth time

00;58;38;16 - 00;58;41;07

since the show's inception,

I promise it's not on purpose.

00;58;41;07 - 00;58;43;26

But you know, it's interesting.

00;58;43;26 - 00;58;47;08

In the meantime, shares with your friends

review wherever possible,

00;58;47;15 - 00;58;51;25

check out the merch and just keep being

curious and I will see you next time by.