In this episode, Greg delves into the real estate industry's ongoing struggles with FINTRAC (Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada) compliance. Drawing from his extensive experience training thousands of real estate agents, Greg unpacks the unique challenges the sector faces in adhering to anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing regulations. He explores the industry's structural issues, misaligned incentives, regulatory pressures, and the need for a shift in the "tone from the top" to drive meaningful compliance.
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Hello and welcome to another episode of The know your
Greg Dent:compliance podcast, the KYC podcast. My name is Greg Dent,
Greg Dent:and I'm the host of the podcast. Today, we're going to do
Greg Dent:something a little bit different. I'm going to spend a
Greg Dent:little bit of time chatting with you about my observations of the
Greg Dent:real estate sector as they relate to their anti money
Greg Dent:laundering, counter terrorist financing obligations, or their
Greg Dent:FINTRAC obligations. And I'm going to start with just kind of
Greg Dent:explaining why I'm qualified to speak to this very topic. I've
Greg Dent:been a real estate agent now for over 14 years, and I've been
Greg Dent:studying FINTRAC and anti money laundering for about seven years
Greg Dent:now, and so I think it is entirely possible also that I've
Greg Dent:talked with more compliance officers or brokers of record or
Greg Dent:managing brokers in this country, possibly than anyone
Greg Dent:else about specifically
Greg Dent:about their FINTRAC obligations. I'm not sure, but that's
Greg Dent:probably true. And what's interesting to that about that
Greg Dent:is that I've had so many different conversations that I
Greg Dent:actually don't think there's any conversations left to have that
Greg Dent:I haven't had with somebody at some point. And so I'm able to
Greg Dent:kind of talk about some of the challenges that the sector has
Greg Dent:in general and some of the specific challenges we've seen
Greg Dent:as we at really trusted have unveiled our FINTRAC compliance
Greg Dent:programs and our assistance with FINTRAC compliance programs. So
Greg Dent:actually, one other thing that I think is important that makes me
Greg Dent:somewhat qualified to speak about this is I've now delivered
Greg Dent:training on fan track, on anti money laundering, on counter
Greg Dent:terrorist financing, to hundreds and actually, definitely into
Greg Dent:the 1000s, 1000s of real estate agents in Canada, and the
Greg Dent:feedback and the questions that they've asked to help inform my
Greg Dent:understanding. So I think I am somewhat qualified to talk about
Greg Dent:this, and that's what I'm qualified to talk about. That's
Greg Dent:what you're going to get to listen to today. So if you're
Greg Dent:interested in about how the real estate industry has done with
Greg Dent:their fin track obligations, or how it hasn't done and I mean,
Greg Dent:some people would even ask, how the heck it's possible that they
Greg Dent:still haven't figured it out is, is? And when I talk with folks
Greg Dent:in the AML CTF space, that's certainly their feeling is, how
Greg Dent:the heck is it that an industry is over 15 years into its
Greg Dent:regulation and still doesn't understand and so I want to
Greg Dent:start to try and address that question today as I kind of talk
Greg Dent:about the challenges the industry has faced. So that's
Greg Dent:that's what I'm going to do. Let's call let's launch right
Greg Dent:into it. I don't have any other guests to introduce. It's just
Greg Dent:me. So let's launch right into it today. I think there's kind
Greg Dent:of four things that I think really make it difficult for the
Greg Dent:real estate sector to adequately comply with FINTRAC. And look, I
Greg Dent:think let's, let's lay the groundwork for this whole thing.
Greg Dent:I'm recording this in mid 2024, over the last handful of years,
Greg Dent:FINTRAC has regularly published fines somewhere between four to
Greg Dent:six real estate brokerages most years get published. The average
Greg Dent:fine has been $143,000 and fin track as recently as a couple
Greg Dent:years ago, when they did the AML CTF virtual forum for the real
Greg Dent:estate sector was abundantly clear that they believe quite
Greg Dent:strongly that our reporting are the real estate sectors
Greg Dent:reporting of suspicious transactions specifically is way
Greg Dent:below what it should be by numbers. And I think they're
Greg Dent:probably right. I think that's where the question starts to
Greg Dent:form. Is it because the industry's in on it? Is it
Greg Dent:because the industry's ignoring it? The is the industry just not
Greg Dent:is the industry supporting money laundering? That's That's one of
Greg Dent:the questions I've had some people, people ask, and I don't
Greg Dent:think any of that's true. I think the the reality is,
Greg Dent:here's, here's, here's my view on it. And I'm going to qualify
Greg Dent:all of this by saying, Look, this is my take on all of this.
Greg Dent:I think I'm qualified to speak on it, but, but others, my
Greg Dent:others certainly can and do have other opinions. So I cluster all
Greg Dent:of the problems into kind of three or four things. One is the
Greg Dent:structure of the industry. Two is and this is somewhat related,
Greg Dent:but there's kind of a misaligned incentives portion of this, and
Greg Dent:that's true in other sectors. So that's not unique to real
Greg Dent:estate, but there is a misaligned incentives problem.
Greg Dent:There's a. Challenge that the tone from the top hasn't always
Greg Dent:been as supportive of AML as it probably should, could have
Greg Dent:been, and I'll unpack that in a second as well. And then there's
Greg Dent:the regulatory squeeze, and I think that's something that
Greg Dent:across the real estate sector, people are certainly feeling so
Greg Dent:So let's delve into each of those a little bit, and I'll
Greg Dent:kind of unpack what I mean when I say all those things. So let's
Greg Dent:start with the structure, because I think the structure is
Greg Dent:the one that I've had pushback on this from people within the
Greg Dent:industry. And I guess the funny thing to me is the challenge
Greg Dent:within our within this real estate sector, and why I talk
Greg Dent:about the structure being a problem is a couple of different
Greg Dent:things. First of all, the real estate sector is a ton of small
Greg Dent:businesses, occasionally medium sized businesses, but mostly
Greg Dent:small mom and pop operations. I hang my license at a brokerage
Greg Dent:of 75 agents, which is kind of medium size, I suppose, for the
Greg Dent:real estate sector. But if you go look at the financials of
Greg Dent:that business, there's a total of, I don't know, three or four
Greg Dent:full time staff. It's not a massive operation. There's not
Greg Dent:huge profits. There's not huge revenues, in fact. So when you
Greg Dent:realize that my medium sized brokerage is still very much a
Greg Dent:small business, you realize that one of the challenges they're
Greg Dent:going to have is compliance. Therefore is a large is going to
Greg Dent:be a large cost, unless you find a way to deliver that within the
Greg Dent:structures you already have. And that's the next part of things
Greg Dent:is that most of these small businesses are owned and
Greg Dent:operated by real estate agents who became owners, who became
Greg Dent:brokerages, who became owners of brokerages, often become the
Greg Dent:managing broker or broker of record of those brokerages,
Greg Dent:because that's the next natural step in their progression, not
Greg Dent:necessarily because they wanted to run a business, but because
Greg Dent:they were running a business of sales and saw an opportunity to
Greg Dent:run a bit more of a consistent business and or have a deep
Greg Dent:desire to support and train others and form and have
Greg Dent:leadership that way. But in all of those cases, I can almost
Greg Dent:assure you that there is no broker in this country who got
Greg Dent:into owning a brokerage because they wanted to make sure that
Greg Dent:their fin track obligations were properly addressed. I kind of
Greg Dent:smile when I say that, because it's so obvious, but I think my
Greg Dent:point here is that compliance is, is one of the things they're
Greg Dent:obligated to do, but it's not something that they're super
Greg Dent:inspired by, and it's not something they particularly want
Greg Dent:to do. And I don't mean just their AML, CTF compliance.
Greg Dent:There's other compliance. We'll talk more about that in a
Greg Dent:second, when I talk about the regulatory squeeze. And so I
Greg Dent:think the very structure is, is problematic, Faith part two of
Greg Dent:the structure still being problematic. There's, there's
Greg Dent:actually three parts to the structure itself. Part two is
Greg Dent:that the vast majority of brokerages have agents who hang
Greg Dent:their license at a brokerage, but those agents are independent
Greg Dent:contractors, and that creates a real problem for the broker
Greg Dent:owners who have these responsibilities of fin track
Greg Dent:compliance program in for the purposes of our conversation
Greg Dent:today, but whose staff are constantly whose whose staff,
Greg Dent:whose agents, and I shouldn't use the term, staff whose agents
Greg Dent:are essentially customers. They're customers. If I'm an
Greg Dent:agent hanging my license at XYZ brokerage, I can move my license
Greg Dent:to some other brokerage like that, just a snap of a button, I
Greg Dent:can move my license to somebody else. And so if I impose
Greg Dent:significant burdens on an agent's doing their business,
Greg Dent:whether that's a financial burden or a time burden, doing
Greg Dent:some sort of additional form or paperwork, no matter how right
Greg Dent:it must be. Might be sorry, it's competitive marketplace, and so
Greg Dent:I risk losing agents when I do the right thing, from a
Greg Dent:compliance point of view, because the brokerages across
Greg Dent:the street might not be doing all the same things. And so
Greg Dent:there's a there's an additional kind of structural problem
Greg Dent:there. And I think the last part of the structural problems, this
Greg Dent:is more about misaligned incentives, maybe, but it's
Greg Dent:certainly part of the structure as well, is that, by definition,
Greg Dent:the real estate sector is a sales organization, or is a
Greg Dent:sales driven industry, and your the agent makes money every time
Greg Dent:they do a sale, therefore they want to be doing sales. And so
Greg Dent:there is an element. And of I mean, to use the really
Greg Dent:aggressive term, there is an element of willful blindness
Greg Dent:that might exist in some cases, at the very least, they agents
Greg Dent:don't have incentives to stop doing deals for some sort of a
Greg Dent:regulatory burden or for some sort of a hiccup on the
Greg Dent:compliance front. And now look, I I've spent time on other
Greg Dent:episodes of this show talking about why compliance is
Greg Dent:important and compliance is the right business decision, and why
Greg Dent:it saves businesses of all sorts money and time and all the rest.
Greg Dent:So I'm not going to get into that here, but the nature of
Greg Dent:real estate is such that the agent, the frontline person, the
Greg Dent:person who's dealing with the consumer who's might be
Greg Dent:laundering money, generally speaking, that agent has an
Greg Dent:inverse incentive to make sure that they stop that transaction.
Greg Dent:And so that becomes a, obviously a structural problem as well.
Greg Dent:Now, I think the the next part about, if we now that we're kind
Greg Dent:of on the topic of misaligned incentives, I think I should
Greg Dent:kind of point out there is an additional challenge, which is
Greg Dent:that many times agents are working with people who they
Greg Dent:know, or they feel they know. When I think about my clients,
Greg Dent:many of our many of my clients are, are people who are referred
Greg Dent:to me by people I've previously done deals with. And so I kind
Greg Dent:of feel like I've got this closeness with them on some
Greg Dent:level. And sometimes they're, they're friends their family,
Greg Dent:they're they're people at my church, they're people from my
Greg Dent:kids soccer team, they're people from all of those kinds of
Greg Dent:groups. And so you have these relationships. They're my
Greg Dent:neighbors, and so you have this relationship, and you don't, you
Greg Dent:don't want to believe that it's possible that those people are
Greg Dent:laundering money. And there are many, many, many, many, many
Greg Dent:times I've talked with real estate agents in this country
Greg Dent:who have said to me, oh, it's not possible for my client, for
Greg Dent:my clients, ever to be laundering money. I know them
Greg Dent:all so very well. It's not possible. It's just not
Greg Dent:something they would do, as though all of their all of their
Greg Dent:clients, are from this perfectly close knit group that they know
Greg Dent:extremely well. And I, again, I don't need to delve into on this
Greg Dent:podcast. Certainly, I think listeners of this podcast are
Greg Dent:going to understand that my neighbor is just as it's just as
Greg Dent:possible for them to be laundering money as it is for
Greg Dent:anybody else. But that is the challenge that the industry
Greg Dent:faces, and part of the reason why reporting, I think, has been
Greg Dent:so low, ultimately, I want to move to to the regulatory
Greg Dent:squeeze. I've made reference to it a couple of times, and I
Greg Dent:guess that's the other part of the that's another. There's kind
Greg Dent:of two other things I'm going to talk about, the regulatory
Greg Dent:squeeze is the next one. And when I think about the
Greg Dent:regulatory squeeze, we were looking at an industry that's
Greg Dent:been under the gun from governments across the country,
Greg Dent:because in Canada, we have a housing crisis. I think that's I
Greg Dent:don't even think that's controversial anymore as a
Greg Dent:concept. I think everybody's kind of agreed that that that is
Greg Dent:the truth. And what that's meant is that governments across the
Greg Dent:country have done whatever they can to help regulate that,
Greg Dent:speaking in BC, we've seen massive regulatory changes in
Greg Dent:the last decade, easily from and I think that's that's most
Greg Dent:evident in the amount of paperwork that is now being done
Greg Dent:on every single deal, the various aspects that every
Greg Dent:single deal must Now touch and to give you some specific
Greg Dent:examples, in BC, we now have a rescission program. We have a
Greg Dent:foreign buyer tax. We have differing levels of property
Greg Dent:transfer tax. Every level of government, if you're working in
Greg Dent:the city of Vancouver, every level of government, local,
Greg Dent:provincial and federal, all have a vacancy tax. The and you as an
Greg Dent:agent, you need to know all of these things. As a brokerage, as
Greg Dent:a as a managing broker, you need to understand all of these
Greg Dent:things to be able to inform your agents on them. And that's just
Greg Dent:beginning to cut to open it up. I mean, in BC, dual agency is no
Greg Dent:longer allowed. There's a disclosure requirement around
Greg Dent:the expected remuneration. There's all of these additional
Greg Dent:levels of new ish things, and that shifting framework means
Greg Dent:that a for a for that owner of the mom and pop shop, there's
Greg Dent:just a need to continue their education. And look, that's
Greg Dent:wonderful. That's the point of being a professional. I think
Greg Dent:that's terrific. But FINTRAC is just one more thing that they
Greg Dent:need to be educating themselves about, and it's just it's so
Greg Dent:tangential to what they're actually want to be doing in the
Greg Dent:first place that most of them just don't most of them just
Greg Dent:don't have the capacity either, either they don't want. To or
Greg Dent:they just literally don't have the capacity, but, but my point
Greg Dent:is that actually, let me even get a step further back, when
Greg Dent:you own a real estate brokerage, your business is the business of
Greg Dent:recruiting new agents, training and assisting your current
Greg Dent:agents and making them successful. The compliance stuff
Greg Dent:is stuff you do because that's the actual business. That's how
Greg Dent:the business is expressed. That's where the money comes.
Greg Dent:But your success truly is measured on your ability to keep
Greg Dent:your current agents and recruit new ones. That's when you're
Greg Dent:running a brokerage. The constant goal is to add new well
Greg Dent:qualified in most brokerages. Cases, agents to the pilot and
Greg Dent:look, that's going to change depending on your brokerage
Greg Dent:model. Sometimes it's just a sheer number thing. Sometimes
Greg Dent:it's quality as well. But the point is that your job as a
Greg Dent:broker, owner of a real estate brokerage, is to make sure that
Greg Dent:you have sales people doing the job, and to help those
Greg Dent:salespeople do the job. All of the compliance stuff is one more
Greg Dent:thing that's thrust upon you and and honestly, what ends up
Greg Dent:happening for most broker owners is they just don't have the
Greg Dent:capacity to learn about FINTRAC, to learn about their anti money
Greg Dent:laundering obligations to the level of detail that it takes to
Greg Dent:be successful at it. And so that's somewhat of a structural
Greg Dent:problem that's so much of a regulatory squeeze problem, but
Greg Dent:ultimately, it expresses itself as most brokerages in this
Greg Dent:country and most broker owners in this country just not being
Greg Dent:able to have the bandwidth to deliver, implement and maintain
Greg Dent:and operate a fin track compliance program. And that's
Greg Dent:that's the insight, I think, that my team and I came up with
Greg Dent:about three or four years ago as we started to push towards the
Greg Dent:delivery of what we now call fin track Express, where we take on
Greg Dent:all of that responsibility. Well, not all, but where we take
Greg Dent:on the the the creation of and the maintenance of the fin track
Greg Dent:compliance program. And we put broker owners in a position
Greg Dent:where they can just operate the program. That's the the insight.
Greg Dent:The reason we went down that path was because we saw broker
Greg Dent:owners everywhere drowning in their fin track obligations as
Greg Dent:just being the the needle, the hay that broke the camel's back,
Greg Dent:right? It's the one more thing that they had to do. There is
Greg Dent:one other thing, and I haven't mentioned it yet, because I'm
Greg Dent:always a little weary of this, because I don't want to offend
Greg Dent:people in the industry, but I will say that the other
Greg Dent:challenge from within the industry is that the tone of the
Greg Dent:top hasn't always been great on this topic. And I think that
Greg Dent:again, and this isn't there's no one organization or association
Greg Dent:or anything that I think is particularly guilty of this.
Greg Dent:Quite the contrary, I think every level of association are
Greg Dent:the Canadian Real Estate Association, the BC Real Estate
Greg Dent:Association, the Ontario Real Estate Association, the local
Greg Dent:boards that support them, or that, sorry, that create the
Greg Dent:local level of and and even the broker owners in the offices at
Greg Dent:below that. I think everybody on some level in the back their
Greg Dent:mind, and some say it quite vocally, think that FINTRAC is
Greg Dent:going to go away. And want fin track to go away because we saw
Greg Dent:the lawyers get out of their fin track obligations, or because
Greg Dent:it's new for them, then, therefore it's probably not
Greg Dent:going to make it, or something like that. And that, what that's
Greg Dent:meant is that every time a leader within the industry
Greg Dent:stands up and says, Well, FINTRAC, it's just one other
Greg Dent:thing that we have to do. Or, you know, you just fill out
Greg Dent:those forms and you're good, or whatever, some some version that
Greg Dent:doesn't express the depth of what fin tracks really about,
Greg Dent:and the and the importance of a business monitoring and managing
Greg Dent:its risks specifically and obviously in our cases, around
Greg Dent:AML, CTF, every time somebody does that, it's just a little
Greg Dent:chip into the importance and the validity of the FINTRAC
Greg Dent:compliance programs that the broker owner just might or might
Greg Dent:not in many cases, implement. So I guess the tone from the top,
Greg Dent:and again, I don't want to belabor the point, but
Greg Dent:everybody's done what they can to help support the agent at the
Greg Dent:end of the day, but it's so diluted by the time it gets to
Greg Dent:the agent that many agents I and I would I know this is true
Greg Dent:because Almost every week, I have a conversation with an
Greg Dent:agent somewhere who says to me, well, as long as I'm filling out
Greg Dent:the forms, I'll be fine, right?
Greg Dent:And I think our listeners will probably understand that that's
Greg Dent:obviously not the truth, and it's not coming from a place of
Greg Dent:not wanting to go. Apply. It's coming from a place where our
Greg Dent:industry has told them, here is the form that you need to fill
Greg Dent:out, and as long as you fill that out, you'll have fulfilled
Greg Dent:your fin track obligations, which obviously is wrong and
Greg Dent:which obviously just doesn't work. Anybody who understands
Greg Dent:fin track will understand that filling in a form is not what
Greg Dent:you need to be doing, thinking it through and understanding
Greg Dent:what you're looking at and making determinations based on
Greg Dent:what you're seeing. That's what fin tracks about. The form is
Greg Dent:the way of documenting that, and unfortunately, in the desire for
Greg Dent:creating a simple way of of complying. Our bro, our
Greg Dent:industry, has spent 15 years teaching agents that as long as
Greg Dent:you fill in this one form, you'll have fulfilled your fin
Greg Dent:track obligations. So I wanted to riff a little bit on this
Greg Dent:topic, because I think that lot of people in the AML, CTF space,
Greg Dent:anyway, don't understand why real estate agents, why real
Greg Dent:estate brokerages, are so struggling so much with their
Greg Dent:compliance. And I hope that by recording this and recording
Greg Dent:this these thoughts, I'm able to kind of bridge that gap.
Greg Dent:Certainly get really trusted. I we believe that there is a
Greg Dent:future where real estate brokerages across the country
Greg Dent:are well equipped to fulfill their FINTRAC obligations. And
Greg Dent:when I think about the real estate brokerages that have
Greg Dent:signed on to our FINRA Express program, I feel good about
Greg Dent:knowing that their agents are getting a really high quality
Greg Dent:AML, CTF training, their brokerages are getting high
Greg Dent:quality policy and procedure manuals and their brokerages are
Greg Dent:ready for an effectiveness review, or, more importantly,
Greg Dent:for a fin track examination. But probably just as importantly,
Greg Dent:I'm very proud to say that our brokerages are actually seeing
Greg Dent:an increase in activities where they should be filing systems,
Greg Dent:transaction reports, and they're they're noting that, and they're
Greg Dent:wanting to file them, and they're understanding that
Greg Dent:that's actually really an important part of their fin
Greg Dent:track obligations is just paying attention and wanting to file
Greg Dent:those. And we're seeing that expressed in the brokerages who
Greg Dent:we're working with on a regular basis. So I believe that the
Greg Dent:real estate sector one day will be in a better position. And I
Greg Dent:think that certainly where I think really trusted is making a
Greg Dent:dent. That's where it is right now is we're able to help those
Greg Dent:brokerages better understand their fin track obligations and
Greg Dent:better position them to be fulfilling their fin track
Greg Dent:obligations. So I hope today's podcast as different as it's
Greg Dent:been, just to listen to me for 25 minutes has been helpful, and
Greg Dent:I do hope that you'll continue to join us on the KYC pod as we
Greg Dent:have more guests and our talk about other topics related to
Greg Dent:FINTRAC and anti money laundering and compliance
Greg Dent:overall. Have a wonderful day. You.