What happens when we switch on our computers, especially PCs? Have you ever thought of installing multiple operating systems on your computer? What happens if we want to install extra RAM on our laptop? How can we boot from a Pen Drive? For all this, we need something called a BIOS which is part of the motherboard.

In this week's talk, Amit and Rinat talk about BIOS, what is it, why we need it, what is UEFI and a lot more!

Hi everyone, welcome to Tech Talk, a podcast where Amit and I talk about all things tech. We don't just talk about tech, we also deep dive into the societal and cultural implication of the tech that we talk about. Today, we're gonna talk about bios. It's a very interesting topic and I'm very excited to talk about it. It is more of a hardware topic, and we haven't covered a lot of hardware items before so hopefully our audience will enjoy this diverse side of side of the conversation. And yeah, let's start talking about bios.

So thanks Rinat for coming up, suggesting this topic. I think it's quite relevant topic. A lot of people now are into gaming, and they try to assemble their own computers. And a lot of times when you assemble your own hardware, you need to understand what a BIOS is, well, there are new versions of the BIOS. But essentially, I mean, it all starts from there. So I think it's a very relevant topic because gaming has picked up quite a lot specially after COVID hit. A lot of people were endorsed gaming picked up quite passively. And I think recently you try to create the firmware on your BIOS, and you face some issues that gave you the idea to recommend this topic. So yeah, thanks so much for recommending it. So yeah, let's start talking about what BIOS is. What do you know about BIOS?

Actually, yeah, It is a very well, I wouldn't say very but it is somewhat of a technical topic. BIOS is basically the first thing that a computer needs to run. I don't actually remember what BIOS stands for. What do you remember what is?

it stands for “Basic Input Output System”.

Yes. So Well, I remember when I was a teenager, I went to my first computer training. And which was about hardware training. And I've already self taught myself by disassembling and assembling the computer at home. And you know, made it not work so many times and got scared and then somehow made it work. So with all of those processes, I figured out RAM and hard drive and processor but the BIOS is something that doesn't usually isn't like a physical part that you take out. It's integrated within motherboard. And it is, as I said, it is the very first thing the computer needs in order to boot itself into the operating system. So even though I self taught myself how to do other parts, I wasn't very much aware of what BIOS is and what it can do. And in the first computer training, I went there kind of went through it. And I thought this is just a completely new world that's opened up. I mean, I didn't know that at the time of Windows starting up, you can actually do something and it just felt like you know like something really like that I've become a hacker of some sort by some magical new chapter in computing that I didn't know about. So yeah, BIOS is basically when your computer starts to boot it needs number of information about the hardware that the computer is made off, including the RAM, Processor and everything. So the first set of information it needs the first set of instructions or steps that it needs to take. BIOS has those information stored in it, and it is the information is still available and doesn't get wiped off. Even when the computer is turned off. Because it is supported by its own independent battery as well. So it is a very interesting side of computing and that's what I can say BIOS in a nutshell the very first point of contact for a computer.

Well, I just have to correct you some, here. The only thing that you mentioned which I want to correct is the battery. So the battery is used to tell the computer what time is it so it's just to keep the time it's not to store the if you remove the battery the BIOS can still be there. So the BIOS is just used to make the firmware aware of the time because it won't know how to keep the time so the battery helps the motherboard to keep track of the time even when it is shut off. Because even without the internet, the computer needs to keep track of the time. Right? So that's how it does with the help of the battery.

Okay, that's really good to know. Amit, thank you for telling me that so piece of information.

I've done that I've removed the battery and then the time got reset. And I was like why? What happened? Why is it gone to like 1900s or something and then I realize, okay, once you remove the battery, it resets the time so you have to set the time manually again. So that's what the time is. And you're right BIOS is the first thing that the computer I mean, starts using, But I think we need to understand what a computer is and why we need a BIOS and what's an operating system. What's the difference? I think we need to understand that as well. And I think one of the things that people should know is that you can assemble a personal computer and install a Windows or a Linux operating system. But you can't assemble a Mac machine. So Apple machines, you can't assemble it yourself. You can't buy the parts and you can't assemble it. So this is purely for people who assemble computers for installing Windows or Linux. And it's purely for that. And normally when you assemble a computer and we've done a episode on that on how to assemble your own computer, is that you need a motherboard you need some memory, you need a storage device. You need a graphics device, you need a power supply unit to power all the devices and you need a CPU to keep all the devices plugged in together. And that's about it and you need some peripherals which is the monitors the keyboards and the mouse. Maybe speakers and Cameras. So these are all the things that you need to assemble a computer. So it's pretty straightforward now of why we need all that part. So motherboard, as you can imagine is the board that combines everything and that holds everything together. So all the information that has to go from the hard disk to the RAM to the graphics card to the compared to the mouse, keyboard, camera, etc. will through the motherboard. So the motherboard talks to all the devices and the devices in turn talk to each other through the motherboard and the motherboard. When you buy a motherboard the motherboard has a chip. That chip basically has the BIOS is the basic input output system. You can consider it as the operating system of the motherboard without Windows or Linux installed on it. So when you first start the motherboard, it will boot into the BIOS and even when you don't have any Windows machine installed, but when you buy something from the shop it will have Windows operating system installed. Now suppose for some reason you have to remove that Windows installation or you have to format your hard disk which is deleting if all the data on your machine on your hard disk. Then you will need to again reinstall the operating system but for you to reinstall the operating system you have to load it somewhere and in order for you to load it somewhere you need another like an operating system to load that. And that's where the BIOS kicks in.

Yeah, that's actually a pretty interesting way of putting it absolutely right. You have all of these parts and you assemble them. But then, that those parts don't have any memory or instructions so you know steps or doesn't know anything about what to do if you just you know put Turn on the power, nothing would happen if there is no BIOS. So going back to what you were saying you know, you buy the motherboard and CPU and the hard drive that the hard drive is empty. You bought it from the shop and assembled it install, sort of assemble that within your desktop or PC or wherever and then you turn On. But the hard-drive is empty there is nothing there because the shop you know gave you the hard drive empty as it is. So there is no windows installed. So how would the PC turn on? How would it know what to do? So that information is in BIOS, the first PC will check that all the, of it’s, the CPU will check that all of the other components that it needs are there. So it will check whether the graphics card is there it will check whether RAM is there and then it will check whether the hard drive is there. And then it will look for inflation to boot a operating system. Now that the sequence with which the CPU will look for is called boot sequence and that sequence is also the order of where to look is also stored in the BIOS. So BIOS is helping CPU to check if everything is in order. And if everything is in order, then the next step is where do I boot from and that all information is also given in the BIOS, which you can also manually go in and set so as we were talking about a scenario earlier when if your computer operating system crashed for whatever reason it could happen to anyone may happen to me in my lifetime, more than once. So what do you do your hard drive has no information, you know, existing hard-drive. The operating system crashed and you had to take it out and either you had to reformat and deleted everything or it just isn't working. So you have to replace it with a new hard drive and then how that new hardware doesn't have any operating system or anything installed. So basically you create a bootable USB drive or an external drive. But how would your CPU know where to look? For that? Windows or operating system the installer file? The BIOS will tell it and you will tell the BIOS where to look for it. So that's how the whole thing can come. That's kind of the big bang of starting of the computer. The very starting point is where the BIOS kicks in.

Yeah, true. Very true. I think it is incredible how all these things work together because, I mean, if imagine you don't have anything on the hard drive, and you want to load something, and I think while you were talking I just realized that we have something on his firmware, we have something called as hardware and then we have something called as software. They all are different types of ware, but they have like different meanings. Hardware is something you can touch software is something you can't touch and for firmware is something that will remain in that hardware. Even if you power it off, so firmware put in place, and most of the hardware is not most, all hardware that you can power on and that have some kind of computing capabilities will have a firmware. Your camera will have a chip with a firmware on it so you can update the camera. So the basic operations always remain there. Even if you even if your camera crashes or whatever reasons you are unable to find it, the hardware will still work. And that's what the motherboard has on the chip with the chip that tells okay this is the BIOS and this software will help identify everything else. And what you mentioned that when you power on, it checks for on the hardware that's basically a post. So that's power on self test. So that's a test that all computers do they make a beep sound when you power it on. That beep sound is basically the post has passed so the power or self test has passed. It means that it has detected all the connected devices and they are all operational, keyboard, mouse hard disk RAM everything. And now we keep talking about RAM, ROM What is this? So the format itself is only I mean, it's actually stored on something called as read only memory, but you have to flash it and then only you can write it but normally in all conditions. It's Read Only Memory you cannot write to it. So only the specific software from the motherboard manufacturer is able to write on that particular chip. No and no one else can write on that chip and if you try to do it, you will ruin the motherboard and then you can't write run any of it.

Warranty is Void. Not just motherboard in any you know that's essentially what they call off. I think when they say we jailbroken it or

Jailbreak the device. So basically you void the warranty, you get bypassed the restrictions that the manufacturer has put in place so you don't accidentally destroy it. Or break

Yes, absolutely. So this is actually for good reason. It is that protection. So the hardware is always usable, because you can change everything about that hardware, all the configuration etc etc.

But, The core piece of information it needs to communicate with any other, anything else. Webcam for example. That also has some firmware installed and yeah, you could you could use the webcam, the video and a microphone all the everything you can configure, you can zoom in, out turn on and off microphone increase. But the very basic piece of core information that it needs to communicate with other hard-wares is like when you wire it up and connects to the computer. How does it know that it is a webcam? How does it know that it should be transfer video? So all of these very basic things are actually in that Firmware and it is protected. Just the webcam would always work and no one accidentally alters those information and am I right in saying that BIOS is the firmware of the motherboard?

It's part of the firmware. I think the firmware when it gets updated, it updates a BIOS as well. But I think the firmware does a lot of other things. It has some other information. BIOS is just a way to interact with the with the hardware without an operating system. So think of it like this. I mean, you don't have any operating system installed but you want to check if your hard drive is connected and it's currently identified by the motherboard. If your memory is connected, and it's currently identified if your graphics card is connected, and it's currently identified, and finally, you have to check whether your boot order sequence which Rinat mentioned. So boot auto sequence, what does it mean for a layman? It means that okay, I am looking for an operating system that I want to install and I want to look for that operating system in specific hardware devices.

It could be the hard disk. It could be a pen drive. It could be a CD. It could be anything it could be a floppy disk. So I will display boot order boot order sequences. It could look everywhere based on the order of what you select. So normally in today's day and age, if you select a USB a thumb drive that you can connect externally. Otherwise, in olden days it will used to be a floppy disk. Or you can connect an external hard disk and tell the computer that okay, or a CD and you can tell the bios that okay boot from the CD. So the bios will boot from the CD and the CD will have some information to start the installation process. The installation process itself means writing something on the hard disk. And when it writes something on the hard disk, it creates a master boot record. So that boot record will tell the BIOS to look for the operating system at this point in the Hard-Disk. Because hard disk is huge. And the first sector of the hard disk is the Master Boot Record and the BIOS we'll look at the MBR master boot record in short and then it will start the load the operating system and give the control to the operating system and operating system will then take over and then you don't have to interact with the BIOS anymore. So that's what is done. And that's how you pass on the control. So it is a very intricate system and BIOS helps you do that. And sometimes when you plug in a device you can't see it in BIOS. So that means the device is not working or there is a firmware update needed or something like that. So you need to make sure that the device is connected properly and it's detected by the BIOS because even when you install the operating system, you will not be able to use that device.

Right? Yes, absolutely. So we have some understanding now on what BIOS is. Now let's talk about how to get into BIOS. What does it look like in on the computer monitor? Now that was that the day I found out that was very exciting for me even though I would say like I the teenager, I was very interested in computing and you know, always playing about with Windows and operating system but I never knew about this. The one stage earlier of how to you know sort of configure a computer in this in this core way. So as the computer is turning on when you when you turn on the power button and you know use you start hearing the sound computer turning on the fans are turning on etc. And then you see the usually the Windows logo or the logo of the motherboard or whatever. Before it sort of loads the operating system itself. Now at that while that that logo is showing. At the bottom it usually says it ended is there for very quick like maybe a second or less than that. So if you're not looking for it, you might actually miss it or every time all these years you know our audience you guys are using a computer and seeing a computer turn on you see that screen, but you probably have never noticed that the bottom there is usually something like press Delete for BIOS or F12 depending on the manufacturer.

The number of different buttons keyboard keystrokes that you have to do to go inside the BIOS. For gigabyte, which is mine, it's usually F 12 or delete so you have to because the screen stays for only a split second. You have to be very quick and I think very mean maybe in a very naive way I just frantically keep pressing the delete button, so I don't miss that quick option. So as soon as you turn on the computer, and you might actually want to if you do want to get into your bios, which I would recommend, you know doing enough research before you do but if you do want to get in, you want to first I suppose Google what your manufacturer brand is if it's gigabyte or whomever. Then by googling you will know which button you need to press to get inside so as you turn on power on the computer from a full shutdown stage, not from a hibernation straight as it turns on, it turns on and you hear the fans started running etc and then you keep pressing that button continuously is my advice is what I do. And then suddenly you'll see a new screen just came opened up before the Windows has even started up and you know it's quite eye opening because you definitely feel like you're an advanced computer user now because it just the interface is all black and white and a lot of the times it's like you know command prompt etc. So it is actually quite a fun place to get into and even if you are hesitant that you might do something wrong. Just know that if you don't save at the time of exiting if you just say don't save anything and exit it won't make any changes. You want basically break your computer in that way. So that's how you get into a BIOS and what do you what do you see after you getting in? Amit if you want to sort of explain what are your thought is?

I think it's a good way to explain because I also keep pressing the f12 or delete button frantically. I should not base the BIOS and be that's something that you always do. Even if people say press it once and you will get in there but you know you're never sure when is the exact moment where it actually goes in so you keep frantically pressing it before the logo appears. Now another thing that I wanted to mention is that the text that used to come below the operating system logo it was I think only in few Windows operating systems with Windows 10 and 11. It doesn't appear. I'm not sure about the different Linux operating systems as well. So normally it doesn't come. And I think you mentioned about the command prompt but the command prompt is part of data operating system from Microsoft. So you still need some kind of the I think the operating system

Yeah, I didn't mean command prompt. I didn't mean that it is Command Prompt. I just meant that it looks like as something

Looks like something very nice scale blue and white. So different colors, but it's very sick. It's so it's like the old video games that you see just two or three different colors in that set. And the only way you can interact with that is the keyboard. You can't use the mouse. So the only way you can go through the whole screen is through the keyboard you cannot interact with the mouse. And there are newer versions of bios and we'll talk about that a bit later. But the traditional BIOS you can only interact with the keyboard. Now when you enter into the BIOS, you will see a couple of things like you will see the about screen who the manufacturer is and what the BIOS is from the versions, the software versions, the hardware versions, the different types of hardware that is connected the boot order sequence, the fan temperature, the other things that you can control the power supply unit. So when you have a computer you'll need a power supply unit. So you can set the voltages you can overclock it you can overclock the processor etc. Everything can be done from the BIOS. So yes, so overclocking basically means increasing the speed at which your processor works. So suppose your processor is meant to work at 3.2 gigahertz. You can overclock it to 3.4 gigahertz by adding an external cooler so it increases it’s heat you can still cool it and it can operate at a much faster speed. SO that’s overclocking. SO whenever gamers they want to overclock their machines they go there and configure everything. They add a cooling systems so you can configure the cooling system from there like what’s the optimum temperature when do I shutdown the computer because it's reached a temperature that's beyond the limit, and it'll be, it'll cause a meltdown, etc, etc. So yeah, those are some of the basic things that you can see. So hardware information, Software Information System clock as well.

So you can adjust the system clock, so the computer itself needs to know the time. Otherwise, when you switch it on, it will not know what time is it because it's still not connected to the internet. So all those things and then what is the Master Boot Record? What is the boot order sequence, all those things are there in the BIOS and you can configure all of this and as Rinat mentioned, if you play with it, and you're still not confident, don't save anything, and it'll just work as normal.

All of these things you can do and learn about your computer through BIOS serve, as you were saying, categorizing, I was gonna say the same thing, But two things. One is knowing about your computer in detail at the very core level, and also then configuring your hardware, so it suits your need. So in terms of information, you can get all of this information that you probably can't or couldn't get through your operating system, the fan speed, temperature, your actual CPU temperature, and make and model of all of those individual components and what they're capable of. I mean, depending on how the what the version of the BIOS say is, you know the manufacturer and how they designed the BIOS interface. It will give a lot of information that are not available anywhere. Else. That's information and then there are configuration you could configure many things about CPU, you can overclock it and not just the CPU but also economic clock, your RAM and graphics card possibly as well. Not just overclock, and they give you a lot of other ways to configure it. You know, the rams have various modes like XMP. And then graphics card would also probably have various configuration that you might want to you know tailor based on the kind of work you do maybe you gain maybe you have like really high intensity graphic design, or like you know, 3d or VR usage or designing you know all of these things require, you know, Next Level graphics card and the capacity might need to be increased. And another thing that is also investing is it's not just desktop PC, you can also do the same thing. There is a bios in your laptop as well. laptop is just a compact version of the view sees all of the components that are in a desktop PC is also there in a in a laptop. So a BIOS exists in the laptop. Inside the laptop there is a motherboard as well and there exists you can actually enter as you turn on your laptop if you press the same button. You will be able to enter and then you could also overclock and do other configuration of your laptop. In that way. Obviously, you know, doing things that are not allowed. Your laptop manufacturer might void your warranty so be careful of that. But yeah, it is open and it's very interesting to look through all the things that are available. You don't need to change anything but you can see what they are.

I think that's a very interesting thing because laptops, I mean, you can configure the BIOS and you can actually upgrade the laptops. Again, we're talking only about laptops, on which you can install Windows and Linux operating systems are not Apple MacBooks because MacBooks you can't do anything. Even if you can, it's not allowed you will not get any spare parts and you'll have to do it through the apple repair centre but with the laptops, I personally have a Dell laptop and I have upgraded the RAM. So I had like eight GB RAM I installed another 8 gigabytes. So now I have 16 gigabytes of RAM. And then I also updated the hardware. Sorry hard disk so that means earlier I had about 256 gigabytes. Now I have about 500 gigabytes, so I upgraded the hard disk as well. So I upgraded these two and it just works fine and I checked when I installed this hardware. I checked in the bios that it's correctly detected before actually installing the operating system so that I don't waste my time because if the hardware is not correctly detected by the motherboard, because imagine laptops are normally much more compactly packed and they come pre-configured with everything. So the hardware is also tied and installed but Dell is very good. Because when you order the Dell laptops, you customise it, and I'm pretty sure that you can customise other laptops like Lenovo and other manufacturers. But Dell is especially good at it. And you can easily upgrade. But of course my laptop is very old. So I can't upgrade now beyond 16 gigabytes if I wanted to 32 gigabytes. I can't do that because it's a limitation of the hardware, which I have read online that I know. So again, I mean if you say install something that's not supported by a motherboard, you will not see it in your bios, which means that it's not supported or it's malfunction. Most likely, if you buy something new it's the reason it's not detected is that it's not supported. So always check the motherboard on the supported hardware platforms.

Yes, yes, these are some very cool things you can do. But again, as as Amit said, I always caution the audience to sort of always be careful on what you're changing and do a lot of research. I mean, all of these information are actually available. Not only what would happen if you do this, but what are those things to begin with? I mean if you don't know what's good sequences, when you are going through the BIOS options and different types of configuration, you can just Google it and there are a lot of literature around all of those different options and also another thing I would invite and it's often overlooked or ignored is the user manual provided by the motherboard manufacturer there actually you see specific options that are available in BIOS handy for your motherboard that are may not even be clearly available online. And there are many like advanced features which are actually which could be actually very useful. And this actually brings me back to my experience a few weeks ago when I was in a bit of a trouble with my BIOS upgrade. So I was I discovered that the BIOS version I had was actually quite old. It was the first released version and since then there has been like 35 different releases. And there are some of those security updates as well. So I thought okay, it is it is time and it is important that I do my BIOS firmware update. So I actually went through the regular update procedure, but it just stopped responding and my computer wouldn't boot and this was quite a big problem because everything else once the booting is complete, you know the hardware and everything operates everything is fully working. But just because of this tiny configuration in BIOS, for some reason the upgrade didn't go smoothly, and it can happen to anyone. So that's why it's again, very something that you want to be very cautious about.

So I had kept a backup off the farm or in a pen drive just in for the certain scenarios. But even the backup wasn't when I tried to roll back. It still wasn't responding. And what I needed to do is what they call flushing the BIOS. So wipe out all the memories inside the BIOS and then install the fresh version. Now I know for a fact that that there was something wrong with the updated versions. That I tried to install So I downloaded through another computer downloaded first version that was originally installed in my BIOS anyway. And then I looked through and read through the whole of the user manual by the manufacturer and then realise that there is a special feature where with which you can actually wipe you know, refresh the whole thing in BIOS reset and wipe out and then install the first version. As it as if it just came from the shop through an USB and it had to have a very intricate step by step guide and he had to one he had to be in the right order at the right time. But that feature is not easily available in in in other places online because that's a very unique feature specifically done for that motherboard by the manufacturer. And I was able to follow it and then I bought my desktop PC back which was a big relief and experience and a good argument and good incentive. Always read the user manual, especially the motherboard user manual. Also while reading it also found out so many other features that the motherboard had the capacity and a few other things that you can configure. You know, they're quite a good useful information and features that are actually available. So it is actually you know, I would recommend that very much that you guys do that whenever you're playing with Bios, even if you're just overclocking it, which is for gamers, I think it's a piece of cake, but it still is good to sort of be aware of all the things that you can do.

Yeah, I think that was a very interesting experience that you had because I never had that experience. Luckily, whenever I flashed the bios it worked. And so I didn't have to go through that pain whenever I installed the operating system, I've struggled, but not with a BIOS. So that was a good learning experience. And that gave us this topic, but I think the bios that you had was a very new version where you could use it with your mouse as well as keyboard and that's called a UEFI version, or Unified Extensible Firmware Interface UEFI. And that's a new version of bios. So the older version of BIOS is 16 bits. You can't use a mouse you can only use keyboard sets. The query is very basic. You but you can still see something on the screen with the with the new version of the BIOS. It's called UEFI. And with the UEFI mode, you can use your keyboard and mouse and it has a proper GUI, which is the graphical user interface and you can then use it for various things, like the limitation for BIOS is that it can detect up to hard drives of two terabytes 2.2 terabytes, you can't install more terabytes because the BIOS the operating system or the motherboard or the firmware, it doesn't support that capacity hard-drive. So you need because of the 16 bit limitation. So you need a better operating system or a software for your or a firmware for your motherboard. And that's where the UEFI comes and plays. It's more secure. And it's not installed on the firmware. It's actually on a file. And that file sits on a partition on your hard disk. So it's like the Master Boot Record, but instead of calling the Master Boot Record, it's called E Fs, or EF partition. So that partition is where the file sets and when your computer loads, it loads that file from the hard disk and it loads the UEFI not the bios that you call it, interface and then you can interact. So it gives you more advanced features, and it's more secure. It's 32 bit and 64 bit and most now modern computers, which you assemble will have that which will have a graphical interface. You can get to it by pressing the same f12 Or delete button depending on the manufacturer as Rinat mentioned. But it's a completely new interface where you can use a keyboard and mouse. I'm guessing that's what you had, right Rinat?

Yes, yes, absolutely. mine did respond with my keyboard and mouse which was actually quite helpful. When you were trying to look through all of the different sections and configurations of the BIOS, another time when BIOS centrifugation might be quite necessary to do as well as for gamers and overclocking, etc. Another time is if you are ever sort of building your virtual machine inside your windows. So the various software platforms which lets you create another operating, you know, lets install another virtual machine or you know their full fledged computer a separate computer inside your operating system. There is VirtualBox which is an open source free software and then there is VMware which also lets you do that but that's Paid.

VMWare I think, You can use it for free as well. The only the player but you can't create new virtual machines you can create the image and then you can open it but you can't create I think you can't. So need an image and you can use the VMware Player because I use that as well.

Oh right. Okay, okay anyway, so for either of those virtual machines to install and work there is a necessity that the BIOS is configured so it can work. So otherwise in VirtualBox, what I experienced is when I tried to install or create a machine and then I turned it on and nothing was happening, and because there is a particular configuration option, I think it's

I think virtualization/hardware virtualization or something like that.

Yes. Yes. So basically when you are creating the virtual machine, it is actually being created properly. It is actually a separate operating system separate computer altogether. And then it sort of in a text data or internet connection, everything from the host computer, but it actually behaves and operates as if it's an independent computer unrelated to the host computer and in order to create that you have to have that host virtualization option on in BIOS and this configuration option is also different for different motherboards like and also AMD and Intel have different settings for the same thing as well. So there is a lot of there is a few research that is needed if you are creating a virtual machine, but even configuring BIOS is an integral part of it. So that's another time when you would come across this.

I think those are very interesting and very good to know that these are different things that you need to be aware of. So thanks, thanks Rinat for sharing it. I think we have covered most of the things that we wanted to cover today about BIOS. I think it's a very interesting topic and I think it covers the fundamentals like okay, you have a computer, how does it start? How does it work, how does the operating system know what the hardware is? Etcetera, etcetera. What happens if your operating system crashes? I think these are some of the fundamental stuffs on which you can build upon and bios is very critical to that crucial not critical, I mean critical as well, but crucial. And I think we have covered that and maybe we can cover some more hardware related topics like Okay, what if you want to install a Linux machine, or what you want to reformat the sorry, change the partition size of your hard disk when the operating system is already installed on it? So yeah, a various things and it's a very fascinating world. This technology

The hardware world Yeah, hard. You are right Amit. And yeah, this this may have been a bit of a technically intimidating topic, but we've tried to talk about it in a way that any non techie people would understand as well. But if you guys have any question or anything you'd like us to clarify further or if you'd like us to talk about talk about a particular topic, please do reach out to us. Our contact information is there below at any whichever platform you're listening to us. Look forward to seeing you all again in our next episode. But until now, thank you very much.

Thank you, everyone. Bye

bye.