The world needs energy—and lots of it—to raise living standards and unlock economic growth. Clean technologies, which can provide power with minimal contribution to climate change, are taking hold around the world, and the United States, China, and the European Union are vying for global leadership in deploying them at scale. But economic and political changes have introduced uncertainty about the future of clean energy. In the second episode of Talking Policy’s Technology and Global Security in the 21st Century miniseries, guest host Nicolas Wittstock speaks with David Hart, a senior fellow in climate and energy at the Council of Foreign Relations, about why clean energy technologies are important not only to combat climate change, but to ensure future economic growth and energy security.

This episode was recorded on March 24, 2025. The conversation was edited for length and clarity.