The natural variation in brain shape and function that exists in the human population is referred to as neurodiversity. It acknowledges that people who live with conditions including autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and dyspraxia have distinctive strengths and hurdles and that these distinctions should be acknowledged and cherished rather than seen as deficiencies or disorders.

In contrast to the conventional medical model of mental health, which sees these disorders as abnormal and in need of treatment, neurodiversity contradicts this approach. Instead of expecting people with neurodiversity conditions to adhere to neurotypical norms, it acknowledges that neurodiversity is a natural and valued component of human diversity and that these people should be given the assistance and accommodations they need to thrive, rather than being expected to conform to neurotypical standards.